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HSK 7–9 grammar
All 96 grammar points the official HSK 3.0 syllabus examines at level 7–9, with what each one does and an example.
Grammar
| Point | Category | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| 类前缀"后-、亲-" | Word parts语素 | Prefix-like morphemes: 后- "post-" (后疫情) and 亲- "pro-" (亲环境) coin new nouns and adjectives.后疫情时代，远程办公已成为常态。In the post-pandemic era, remote work has become the norm. |
| 类后缀"-观、-鬼、-界、-然、-坛、-为、-制" | Word parts语素 | Suffix-like morphemes productively form abstract nouns: 价值观, 学术界, 体坛, 终身制, 胆小鬼.这一发现震动了整个学术界。This discovery shook the entire academic world. |
| 动词"恨不得/巴不得"恨不得/巴不得+动词短语 | Word classes词类 | Expresses an intense, often unrealizable eagerness: "to itch to, to wish one could".他恨不得立刻飞回家乡看望母亲。He wished he could fly home at once to see his mother. |
| 动词"免不了/犯不着/犯得着" | Word classes词类 | 免不了 "cannot avoid"; 犯不着/犯得着 "not worth / worth the trouble of".为这点小事生气，实在犯不着。It is really not worth getting angry over such a trifle. |
| 动词"并非"并非+名词/小句 | Word classes词类 | Formal emphatic negation: "is by no means, is not at all".成功并非偶然，而是长期积累的结果。Success is by no means accidental; it is the fruit of long accumulation. |
| 动词"可谓" | Word classes词类 | Formal evaluative verb: "may well be called, can be described as".这场演出可谓精彩绝伦。This performance can well be called spectacular. |
| 动词"所谓"所谓（的）+名词 | Word classes词类 | "So-called": quotes or distances the speaker from a label.那些所谓的捷径往往暗藏风险。Those so-called shortcuts often conceal risks. |
| 动词"有所"有所+双音节动词 | Word classes词类 | Formal "to some extent": 有所 + bisyllabic verb marks measured change.与去年相比，公司业绩有所增长。Compared with last year, company performance has grown somewhat. |
| 动词"予以"予以+双音节动词 | Word classes词类 | Formal "to give, to grant (a treatment)": common in official writing.对违规行为，监管部门将予以处罚。Regulators will impose penalties on violations. |
| 动词"可否" | Word classes词类 | Formal "whether or not it is possible", often in polite requests.可否请您再详细说明一下？Might I ask you to explain in a little more detail? |
| 动词"除外"……除外 | Word classes词类 | "Excepted, excluded": placed after the item that is excluded.展馆全年开放，法定节假日除外。The hall is open year-round, statutory holidays excepted. |
| 文言代词"何/彼/兹" | Word classes词类 | Literary pronouns: 何 "what/why", 彼 "that/the other", 兹 "this" - formal written register.此事该从何说起，他一时语塞。Where to even begin with this - he was momentarily at a loss. |
| 代词"这么着/怎么着" | Word classes词类 | Colloquial pro-forms standing in for a manner or action: "like this / do what".你到底想怎么着，痛快点说吧。What exactly do you want? Out with it. |
| 数量代词"若干"若干+（量词）+名词 | Word classes词类 | Formal indefinite quantity: "a certain number of, several".报告最后提出了若干条建议。The report closes with a number of recommendations. |
| 名量词：重、截、缕、码、枚、摊、丸、则、幢、宗 | Word classes词类 | Advanced nominal classifiers; 枚 counts small objects such as coins, medals, stamps.她在世锦赛上摘得两枚金牌。She took two gold medals at the world championships. |
| 动量词"通"动词+了+（一）通 | Word classes词类 | Verbal classifier for a bout of scolding, phoning, drumming, etc.他把儿子狠狠训了一通。He gave his son a good telling-off. |
| 复合量词"人次"数词+人次 | Word classes词类 | Compound classifier "person-times", counting cumulative visits or uses.该展览累计接待观众逾百万人次。The exhibition has received over a million visits in total. |
| 程度副词：尤为、分外、颇、愈加、越发等 | Word classes词类 | Written-register degree adverbs: 尤为 "especially", 颇 "quite", 愈加/越发 "increasingly".在众多参赛作品中，这一幅尤为出色。Among the many entries, this one is especially outstanding. |
| 范围副词：皆、均、唯、统统、一概等 | Word classes词类 | Formal scope adverbs: 均/皆 "all without exception", 唯 "only", 一概 "categorically".双方均对谈判结果表示满意。Both sides expressed satisfaction with the outcome of the talks. |
| 时间副词：届时、尚、随即、历来、一经等 | Word classes词类 | Formal time adverbs: 届时 "at that (future) time", 尚 "still", 随即 "right after".决赛下月举行，届时强手云集。The final is next month; strong contenders will gather then. |
| 频率副词：屡次、屡屡、时而、相继、再度等 | Word classes词类 | Frequency adverbs of formal register: 屡次/屡屡 "repeatedly", 相继 "one after another", 再度 "once again".他屡次打破全国纪录。He has repeatedly broken the national record. |
| 方式副词：毅然、擅自、竭力、骤然、逐一等 | Word classes词类 | Manner adverbs: 毅然 "resolutely", 擅自 "without authorization", 竭力 "with all one’s might".他放弃高薪，毅然回乡创业。He gave up a high salary and resolutely went home to start a business. |
| 否定副词：不见得、绝不、无从、无须、勿 | Word classes词类 | Negation adverbs: 无从 "have no way to", 无须 "need not", 勿 "do not (literary)".年代久远，传闻已无从考证。So long ago, the rumor can no longer be verified. |
| 语气副词：不妨、索性、势必、未免、偏偏等 | Word classes词类 | Modal adverbs: 索性 "might as well, simply", 不妨 "no harm in", 势必 "be bound to".既然睡不着，他索性起身看书。Unable to sleep, he simply got up to read. |
| 语气副词"何必/何尝/何不/何苦" | Word classes词类 | Rhetorical 何-series adverbs: 何必 "why bother", 何尝 "when ever did", 何苦 "why go to the trouble".都是多年同事，何必斤斤计较？You are colleagues of many years - why haggle over trifles? |
| 判断副词"乃"A乃B | Word classes词类 | Literary copular adverb: "is precisely, is indeed".失败乃成功之母。Failure is the mother of success. |
| 介词"打"（引出时间、处所）打+时间/处所 | Word classes词类 | Colloquial preposition "from (a time or place)", equivalent to 从.打这儿往北走，就是老城区。Head north from here and you reach the old town. |
| 介词"当着/就"（引出对象）当着+人+的面 | Word classes词类 | 当着 "in the presence of"; 就 "with regard to" - introduce the target of an act or comment.他当着全组同事的面承认了失误。He admitted the mistake in front of the whole team. |
| 介词"本着/基于/鉴于/经/依"（引出凭借、依据） | Word classes词类 | Formal prepositions of basis: 本着 "in the spirit of", 基于/鉴于 "based on / in view of", 经 "through", 依 "according to".基于以上数据，我们得出如下结论。Based on the data above, we draw the following conclusion. |
| 连词"若/倘若"倘若……，（就）…… | Word classes词类 | Formal hypothetical conjunctions: "if, supposing that".倘若明天下雨，开幕式将改期。Should it rain tomorrow, the opening ceremony will be rescheduled. |
| 连词"免得/以防"……，免得/以防…… | Word classes词类 | Preventive conjunctions: "so as to avoid / to guard against".出发前再核对一遍名单，免得出错。Check the list once more before leaving, to avoid mistakes. |
| 连词"况且/加之/乃至/且" | Word classes词类 | Additive conjunctions: 况且 "moreover", 加之 "in addition", 乃至 "and even", 且 "and (literary)".时间尚早，况且路也不远，不必慌张。It is still early, and besides, it is not far - no need to panic. |
| 语气助词"矣/罢了/也罢" | Word classes词类 | Sentence-final particles: literary 矣 marks completion or exclamation; 罢了 "that is all"; 也罢 "so be it".如今再想补救，为时晚矣。To try to remedy it now - it is already too late. |
| 四字格"爱A不A"爱A不A | Phrases短语 | Dismissive verb reduplication: "do A or not, as you please".爱信不信，反正我说的都是实话。Believe it or not - everything I said is the truth. |
| 四字格"半A半B/不A不B/非A非B"半A半B | Phrases短语 | Four-character frames of mixed or in-between states: 半信半疑, 不慌不忙, 非亲非故.他对这个说法半信半疑。He half believed and half doubted this claim. |
| 四字格"忽A忽B/时A时B/或A或B/可A可B"忽A忽B | Phrases短语 | Alternation frames: 忽冷忽热, 时好时坏, 或多或少, 可有可无.近来气温忽高忽低，极易感冒。Temperatures have swung up and down lately; it is easy to catch cold. |
| 四字格"东A西B/七A八B/连A带B/自A自B"七A八B | Phrases短语 | Coordination frames of disorder or pairing: 东奔西走, 七嘴八舌, 连滚带爬, 自言自语.会议室里七嘴八舌，久议不决。The meeting room buzzed with competing voices, and no decision came. |
| 四字格"无A不B/无A可B/不A而B"无A可B | Phrases短语 | Literary frames: 无微不至, 无家可归, 不劳而获.谈判破裂，双方已无话可说。With talks collapsed, the two sides had nothing left to say. |
| 话语标记：综上所述、总而言之、归根到底等 | Phrases短语 | Summing-up discourse markers: "in summary / all in all / in the final analysis".综上所述，本方案切实可行。To sum up, this plan is practical and feasible. |
| 话语标记：换句话说、话说回来、退一步说等 | Phrases短语 | Reformulating and conceding markers: "in other words / then again / even granting that".他没有明确反对，换句话说，尚有余地。He did not object outright; in other words, there is still room. |
| 话语标记：老实说、不瞒你说、说真的等 | Phrases短语 | Frankness markers opening a candid remark: "honestly speaking / to tell the truth".老实说，这个结果我并不意外。Honestly, this outcome does not surprise me. |
| X到这个地步/份上X到这个地步/份上 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "To such a point": marks an extreme, usually regrettable degree.事情闹到这个地步，谁也不愿看到。Nobody wanted things to come to such a pass. |
| X得要命/要死形容词/动词+得要命 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Extreme-degree complement: "terribly, to death".三伏天里，机房闷得要命。In the dog days, the server room is stiflingly hot. |
| X都不/没XV都不/没V | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Verb-copying emphasis: "without even V-ing".他看都不看就把文件签了。He signed the document without so much as a glance. |
| X就X个YX就X个Y | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "If you are going to X, then X thoroughly": urges doing something wholeheartedly.要干就干个漂亮，别拖泥带水。If you are going to do it, do it brilliantly - no half measures. |
| X了Y，Y了XX了Y，Y了X | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Cyclic alternation of two verbs: doing one then the other, on and on.假期里他吃了睡，睡了吃。On holiday he did nothing but eat then sleep, sleep then eat. |
| X也好，Y也罢X也好，Y也罢，都…… | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "Whether X or Y - either way": concessive listing of alternatives.同意也好，反对也罢，请说明理由。Agree or object - either way, please give your reasons. |
| 别提（有）多+形容词+了别提多+形容词+了 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "Indescribably (adjective)": exclamatory intensifier.拿到录取通知那天，他别提多高兴了。The day the admission letter came, he was indescribably happy. |
| 不亚于……A不亚于B | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "No less than, second to none compared with".她的中文水平不亚于母语者。Her Chinese is no worse than a native speaker’s. |
| 不知X是/才好不知……才好 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "Not know what one should best do/say": expresses being at a loss.面对众人的夸奖，她不知说什么才好。Faced with everyone’s praise, she did not know what to say. |
| 动不动就……动不动就+动词短语 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "At the slightest provocation, apt to": criticizes over-frequent behavior.他动不动就拿辞职要挟人。He threatens to resign at the drop of a hat. |
| 动词+（得）个X动词+（得/了）个+补语 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | V+个+complement: casual emphatic result, e.g. 输了个彻底, 玩个痛快.这场球他们输了个彻底。They lost that match utterly. |
| 该X（就）X，该Y（就）Y该X就X，该Y就Y | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "Do X when X is due, do Y when Y is due": life goes on as it should.该吃吃，该睡睡，别自己吓自己。Eat when you should, sleep when you should - stop scaring yourself. |
| 何至于……何至于…… | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Rhetorical "how could it have come to…": things need not have gone this far.早些体检，何至于拖成大病？With earlier checkups, how could it have become so serious? |
| 仅次于XA仅次于B | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "Second only to".该市经济总量仅次于省会。The city’s economic output is second only to the provincial capital’s. |
| 看在X的面子上看在……的面子上 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "For the sake of, out of consideration for (someone’s face)".看在老同学的面子上，这次就算了。For an old classmate’s sake, let it go this once. |
| 有/没什么+动词+头儿有/没什么+V+头儿 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | V+头儿 "worth of V-ing": whether something is worth doing.剧情老套，这部剧没什么看头儿。With such a clichéd plot, this show is hardly worth watching. |
| 没什么好+动词+的没什么好+V+的 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "There is nothing worth V-ing about": dismisses the need for an action.事实摆在眼前，没什么好争的。The facts are plain - there is nothing to argue about. |
| 莫过于…………莫过于…… | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "Nothing surpasses; the greatest … is".人生至乐，莫过于家人平安团聚。Life’s greatest joy is nothing other than family safe and reunited. |
| 你说你一个X，……你说你一个X，…… | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Reproachful opener: "you, of all people - a X - how could you…".你说你一个大人，怎么跟孩子计较？You, a grown-up - how can you bicker with a child? |
| 什么A的B的什么A的B的 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Loose enumeration "things like A and B and so on".什么吃的用的，母亲都备齐了。Food, daily necessities and the like - mother prepared it all. |
| 视……而定视……而定 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "To be decided depending on…".是否延期，视天气情况而定。Whether to postpone depends on the weather. |
| 谈何……谈何+双音节词 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Rhetorical "how can one even speak of…": far easier said than done.资金短缺，扩大生产谈何容易。With funds short, expanding production is easier said than done. |
| 无非/不过/只是……罢了/而已无非……罢了/而已 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "Nothing more than… that is all": downplays significance.他这样说，无非是想安慰你罢了。He said that merely to comfort you, nothing more. |
| 想X之所想，急X之所急想X之所想，急X之所急 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "Think what X thinks, feel the urgency X feels": total devotion to someone’s needs.企业要想用户之所想，急用户之所急。A business must think what users think and feel their urgencies. |
| 向……致以……向……致以…… | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Formal formula for extending greetings, thanks or respects.谨向全体医护人员致以崇高的敬意。We extend our highest respects to all medical workers. |
| 要X有/没X，要Y有/没Y要X有X，要Y有Y | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "Has X when you want X, Y when you want Y": everything (or nothing) one could ask.这地方要山有山，要水有水。This place has mountains if you want them, and water too. |
| 因……而……因……而…… | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Formal cause frame: "because of…, therefore…".航班因大雾而延误。The flight was delayed on account of heavy fog. |
| 有何X有何+名词 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Formal interrogative "what … is there": 有何看法/意见/深意.此举有何深意，外界众说纷纭。What deeper meaning this move carries, opinions vary widely. |
| （在）……之余（在）……之余 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | "In the time left over from…; beyond (doing)…".工作之余，他坚持写作。Outside of work, he keeps up his writing. |
| 值此……之际，……值此……之际，…… | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Ceremonial opener: "on the occasion of…".值此建校百年之际，谨致贺忱。On the centenary of the school’s founding, we offer congratulations. |
| 比较句"A+形容词+于/过+B"A+形容词+于/过+B | Special sentence patterns特殊句型 | Literary comparison with 于/过 after the adjective: 高于, 强过.今年的销量明显高于去年。This year’s sales are clearly higher than last year’s. |
| 一来……，二来……（，三来……）一来……，二来…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Parallel listing of reasons: "for one thing…, for another…".他搬家一来图上班近，二来图环境好。He moved partly for the short commute, partly for the environment. |
| 一则……，二则……（，三则……）一则……，二则…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Formal enumeration of reasons: "firstly…, secondly…".项目搁浅，一则预算有限，二则人手不足。The project stalled: first, the budget was tight; second, staff were short. |
| 所谓……，就是……所谓……，就是…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Expository definition: "what is called X is precisely Y".所谓终身学习，就是把学习变成习惯。So-called lifelong learning means making learning a habit. |
| 或……，或……或……，或…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Literary alternative listing: "either… or…; now… now…".周末他或读书，或爬山，从不虚度。On weekends he reads or hikes, never idling. |
| 宁可/宁愿……，也不……宁可……，也不…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Preference by sacrifice: "would rather… than…".他宁可通宵加班，也不敷衍了事。He would rather work all night than do a slapdash job. |
| 与其……，宁愿/宁可……与其……，宁可…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Comparative preference: "rather than…, one would prefer to…".与其坐等机会，宁可主动出击。Rather than wait for chances, better to take the initiative. |
| X（倒）是X（了），……X倒是X（了），…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Concessive echo: "X it may be, but…".东西好倒是好，就是价格偏高。Good it certainly is - only the price is on the high side. |
| 别看……，……别看……，…… | Sentence patterns句型 | "Never mind that…; despite appearances…".别看他年纪小，主意却不少。Never mind his age - he is full of ideas. |
| 虽说……，但/可……虽说……，但/可…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Colloquial-formal concession: "though admittedly…, yet…".虽说条件艰苦，但大家干劲十足。Though conditions are hard, everyone is full of drive. |
| 无论……与否，都……无论……与否，都…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Unconditional with 与否 "whether or not".无论成功与否，这次尝试都值得。Successful or not, the attempt is worthwhile. |
| 凡……（者），均（可）……凡……者，均（可）…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Formal universal condition: "whoever/whatever…, all…".凡年满十八周岁者，均可报名。All who have reached eighteen may register. |
| 假若/假使……，……假若……，…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Literary hypothesis: "if, supposing".假若当初听劝，何至于此？Had he heeded the advice back then, would it have come to this? |
| 幸亏/幸好……，不然/否则……幸亏……，不然/否则…… | Sentence patterns句型 | "Luckily…, otherwise…".幸亏出门早，不然就误了高铁。Luckily we left early, or we would have missed the train. |
| 纵然/纵使……，也……纵然……，也…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Literary concession: "even if…, still…".纵然困难重重，我们也绝不言弃。Even with difficulties piled high, we will never speak of giving up. |
| （因）……，故……（因）……，故…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Literary cause-effect with 故 "therefore".因证据不足，故本案暂缓审理。As evidence is insufficient, the case is therefore postponed. |
| ……，以至（于）…………，以至（于）…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Result reaching an extreme: "to the point that".他专心于实验，以至忘了吃饭。He was so absorbed in the experiment that he forgot to eat. |
| 别说……，都/也……别说……，都/也…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Escalation: "to say nothing of…, even…".别说熬夜了，他连晚饭都顾不上吃。Never mind staying up late - he cannot even manage dinner. |
| ……不说，还…………不说，还…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Piling on: "not to mention…, on top of that…".这款手机贵不说，还特别费电。This phone is expensive, and on top of that it drains the battery. |
| （连……都……，）更不用说……了连……都……，更不用说……了 | Sentence patterns句型 | "Even X…, let alone Y": a fortiori escalation.他连方言都能听懂，更不用说普通话了。He understands even dialects, let alone Mandarin. |
| ……尚且……，（更）何况…………尚且……，（更）何况…… | Sentence patterns句型 | "Even… is the case, how much more so…".专家尚且难下结论，何况外行呢？Even experts struggle to conclude - how much more so laypeople? |
| 为（了）……起见，……为……起见，…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Purpose formula: "for the sake of…".为安全起见，请系好安全带。For safety’s sake, please fasten your seat belt. |
| ……，以…………，以+动词短语 | Sentence patterns句型 | Formal purpose clause introduced by 以 "so as to".公司优化了流程，以提高生产效率。The company streamlined its processes so as to raise efficiency. |
| 非得……才……非得……才…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Condensed necessity: "only if… will…; it takes… before…".这台设备非得专业人员才能维修。Only a professional can repair this piece of equipment. |
| 任……也……任……也…… | Sentence patterns句型 | Condensed concession: "no matter how…, still…".任大家怎么劝，他也不肯松口。No matter how everyone urged, he would not budge. |
Source: the official 考试大纲 for HSK 3.0, published November 2025.
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