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HSK 5 grammar
All 64 grammar points the official HSK 3.0 syllabus examines at level 5, with what each one does and an example.
Grammar
| Point | Category | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| 后缀“-头” | Word parts语素 | Noun suffix -头 forming everyday nouns (石头, 木头, 念头).他捡起一块石头扔进了河里。He picked up a stone and threw it into the river. |
| 指示代词“彼此、如此、本” | Word classes词类 | Demonstrative pronouns: 彼此 (each other), 如此 (so/like this), 本 (this/one’s own).老朋友之间应该彼此信任。Old friends should trust each other. |
| 名量词“册、朵、届、颗、匹、行、架、群、支、根、批、束、副、集、周” | Word classes词类 | Level-5 nominal measure words such as 颗 for small round things.天上有几颗星星特别亮。A few stars in the sky are especially bright. |
| 动量词“眼” | Word classes词类 | Verbal measure word 眼: a glance (看一眼).他回头看了我一眼，什么也没说。He turned and gave me a glance without saying anything. |
| 程度副词“过于、相当、较、可、格外、极其” | Word classes词类 | Degree adverbs; 格外 = especially, exceptionally.下过雨后，空气格外新鲜。After the rain, the air is especially fresh. |
| 时间副词“时刻、曾经、立刻、连忙、始终、早已、即将、急忙、渐渐、尽快、早晚” | Word classes词类 | Time adverbs; 曾经 marks a past experience: once, at some time.我曾经在上海住过三年。I once lived in Shanghai for three years. |
| 频率副词“老是、通常、时常” | Word classes词类 | Frequency adverbs; 老是 = always, again and again (often complaining).他上课老是迟到，老师很生气。He is always late for class, and the teacher is angry. |
| 方式副词“尽量、亲自” | Word classes词类 | Manner adverbs; 亲自 = in person, personally.这件事经理要亲自处理。The manager wants to handle this matter personally. |
| 关联副词“便、一旦” | Word classes词类 | Linking adverbs; 便 = then, thereupon (written equivalent of 就).他说完便转身离开了。As soon as he finished speaking, he turned and left. |
| 情态副词“似乎、仿佛” | Word classes词类 | Modal adverbs; 似乎 = it seems, apparently.他似乎不太愿意谈这件事。He seems unwilling to talk about this matter. |
| 语气副词“毕竟、居然、反正、根本、果然、简直、绝对、的确、反而、白、刚好、可” | Word classes词类 | Tone adverbs; 居然 = unexpectedly, to one’s surprise.他居然忘了自己的生日。He actually forgot his own birthday. |
| 介词“自从”（引出时间、处所） | Word classes词类 | Preposition 自从: ever since (a past starting point).自从搬到北京，我们很少见面了。Since moving to Beijing, we rarely see each other. |
| 介词“朝、沿（着）”（引出方向、路径） | Word classes词类 | Prepositions of direction/path; 朝 = toward.他朝我挥了挥手。He waved his hand at me. |
| 介词“替、同、较”（引出对象） | Word classes词类 | Object-introducing prepositions; 替 = for, on behalf of.你放心去吧，我替你照顾小狗。Go without worry; I will look after the puppy for you. |
| 介词“凭、据、依据”（引出凭借、依据） | Word classes词类 | Prepositions of basis; 凭 = on the basis of, by virtue of.凭这张票可以免费进入公园。With this ticket you can enter the park for free. |
| 连词“以及、同”（连接词或词组） | Word classes词类 | Conjunctions joining words/phrases; 以及 = as well as.会议讨论了价格、质量以及服务问题。The meeting discussed price, quality, as well as service issues. |
| 连词“从而、可见、假如、总之”（连接分句或句子） | Word classes词类 | Clause-linking conjunctions; 总之 = in short, anyway.总之，这次活动办得很成功。In short, this event was a great success. |
| 助词“似的” | Word classes词类 | Particle 似的 after a noun/phrase: like, as if.他高兴得像个孩子似的。He is as happy as a child. |
| 四字格“A来A去”A来A去 | Phrases短语 | V来V去: doing the action back and forth, over and over.我想来想去，还是决定留下来。After thinking it over and over, I decided to stay after all. |
| 四字格“A着A着”A着A着 | Phrases短语 | V着V着: while doing something, another change happens.她说着说着就哭了。As she was talking, she started to cry. |
| 四字格“没A没B”没A没B | Phrases短语 | 没A没B: emphatic negation, e.g. 没完没了 = endless.他一说起足球就没完没了。Once he starts talking about football, he goes on endlessly. |
| 四字格“说A就A”说A就A | Phrases短语 | 说A就A: doing something right away, without hesitation.他说走就走，谁也拦不住。When he says he is leaving, he leaves at once; no one can stop him. |
| 固定短语“不得了” | Phrases短语 | 不得了: terrible / extraordinary; also exclamation of alarm.不得了了，火车马上就要开了！Oh no, the train is about to leave! |
| 固定短语“用不着” | Phrases短语 | 用不着: there is no need to.这点小事，用不着麻烦别人。For such a small matter, there is no need to trouble others. |
| 从……来看从……来看 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Judging from …, from the perspective of ….从结果来看，我们的方法是对的。Judging from the result, our method was right. |
| A的A，B的BA的A，B的B | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Some doing A, others doing B - everyone busy in their own way.晚会上，大家唱歌的唱歌，跳舞的跳舞。At the party, some were singing and some were dancing. |
| （自）……以来（自）……以来 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Since … (up to now).自开学以来，他一次课都没缺过。Since the semester started, he has not missed a single class. |
| 由……组成由……组成 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | To be made up of, composed of ….我们班由三十个学生组成。Our class is made up of thirty students. |
| X也不是，Y也不是X也不是，Y也不是 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Neither X nor Y feels right - caught in an awkward dilemma.他站在门口，进也不是，退也不是。He stood at the door - going in felt wrong, and so did backing out. |
| X也X不得，Y也Y不得X也X不得，Y也Y不得 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Can neither do X nor do Y - nothing is permissible.这孩子被惯坏了，说也说不得，碰也碰不得。The child is spoiled - you can neither scold him nor touch him. |
| X是它，Y也是它X是它，Y也是它 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | It does X and it does Y too - one thing serves every purpose.查资料是它，付钱也是它，手机什么都能做。It looks things up and it pays the bills - the phone does everything. |
| X着也是X着X着也是X着 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Since it is idle anyway, might as well put it to use.闲着也是闲着，我们把房间打扫一下吧。We are idle anyway - let’s clean the room. |
| 不管怎样说不管怎样说 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | No matter what one says; in any case.不管怎样说，他都是你的亲弟弟。No matter what, he is still your own younger brother. |
| 真有你/他/她的真有你/他/她的 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | You really are something! - admiring (or teasing) praise.这么难的比赛你都赢了，真有你的！You even won such a difficult match - you really are something! |
| X什么XX什么X | Fixed expressions固定格式 | V什么V: impatient rebuke - stop doing X!哭什么哭，问题总能解决的。Stop crying - the problem can always be solved. |
| 什么X不X（的）什么X不X（的） | Fixed expressions固定格式 | 什么X不X的: dismissing a concern as irrelevant.什么贵不贵的，你喜欢就买。Never mind whether it is expensive - if you like it, buy it. |
| 不X白不X不X白不X | Fixed expressions固定格式 | If you don’t do X, it goes to waste - might as well do it.这些水果是免费的，不吃白不吃。This fruit is free - not eating it would be a waste. |
| X来X去，都是/就是……X来X去，都是/就是…… | Fixed expressions固定格式 | After going back and forth, it always comes down to ….大家说来说去，都是那几个老问题。After all the back and forth, it was still the same old problems. |
| 动词+什么（就）是什么动词+什么（就）是什么 | Fixed expressions固定格式 | Whatever one V-s counts - that person/thing decides.这家小店没有菜单，老板做什么就是什么。This little shop has no menu - whatever the owner cooks is what you get. |
| 多项状语时间+处所+方式……+动词 | Parts of the sentence句子成分 | Ordering multiple adverbials: time before place before manner.他昨天在图书馆认真地复习了一天。Yesterday he reviewed earnestly in the library all day. |
| 可能补语“动词+得/不得”动词+得/不得 | Parts of the sentence句子成分 | V不得: the action must not / cannot be done.学习是慢功夫，急不得。Learning takes time; you must not rush it. |
| 程度补语“形容词/心理动词+得+不得了”形容词/心理动词+得+不得了 | Parts of the sentence句子成分 | Adj/psych-verb + 得不得了: to an extreme degree.听说能去旅游，孩子们高兴得不得了。Hearing they could go traveling, the children were overjoyed. |
| 趋向补语的引申用法（下来/下去/起来/过来/过去）动词/形容词+下来/下去/起来/过来/过去 | Parts of the sentence句子成分 | Directional complements extended to states, e.g. 下来 = settling into a state.老师进来后，教室里安静下来。After the teacher came in, the classroom quieted down. |
| 状态补语“动词/形容词+得+短语”动词/形容词+得+动词短语/主谓短语/固定短语 | Parts of the sentence句子成分 | V/Adj + 得 + phrase describing the resulting state.他忙得连饭都忘了吃。He was so busy that he even forgot to eat. |
| “有”字句3主语+有+着+宾语；主语+动词+有+宾语 | Special sentence patterns特殊句型 | 有着 expressing possession/existence with emphasis; V+有 for attachment.这座城市有着一千多年的历史。This city has a history of more than a thousand years. |
| “把”字句3主语+把+宾语+一+动词；主语+把+宾语1+动词+宾语2 | Special sentence patterns特殊句型 | 把-sentence with 一+V for abrupt action, or with a second object.他把书包一放，就跑出去玩了。He plunked down his schoolbag and ran out to play. |
| 连动句3动词短语1+动词短语2（因果/转折/条件关系） | Special sentence patterns特殊句型 | Serial-verb sentence where the two verb phrases are linked by cause, contrast or condition.大家听了这个笑话都笑了。Everyone laughed on hearing this joke. |
| 比较句4A+形容词+B+数量补语 | Special sentence patterns特殊句型 | Comparison without 比: A Adj B by amount, e.g. 大我三岁.姐姐大我三岁，从小就照顾我。My older sister is three years older than me and has looked after me since childhood. |
| 被动句3主语+被/叫/让+宾语+给+动词+其他成分 | Special sentence patterns特殊句型 | Passive with 被/叫/让 … 给 before the verb.我的自行车叫弟弟给骑走了。My bike was ridden off by my younger brother. |
| 承接复句“……，便……”……，便…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | Sequential clauses linked by 便 (then).他下了课，便急急忙忙赶回家了。As soon as class ended, he hurried home. |
| 选择复句“或是……，或是……”或是……，或是…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | Alternative clauses: either … or ….周末他或是看书，或是去爬山。On weekends he either reads or goes hiking. |
| 假设复句“一旦……，就……”一旦……，就…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | Once … happens, then ….一旦下定决心，就不要轻易放弃。Once you have made up your mind, do not give up lightly. |
| 假设复句“假如……，（就）……”假如……，（就）…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | If … (hypothetical), then ….假如明天不下雨，我们就去公园。If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. |
| 假设复句“万一……，（就）……”万一……，（就）…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | In case … (unlikely bad event), then ….万一路上堵车，你就打车来吧。In case there is a traffic jam, just take a taxi. |
| 假设复句“……，要不然/不然……”……，要不然/不然…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | … otherwise ….快点儿出发吧，要不然就赶不上火车了。Let’s set off quickly, otherwise we will miss the train. |
| 因果复句“……，因而……”……，因而…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | … and as a result / therefore ….他平时练习很多，因而进步很快。He practices a lot, and therefore improves quickly. |
| 因果复句“……，可见……”……，可见…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | … from which one can see that ….他连周末都在学习，可见有多努力。He studies even on weekends - you can see how hard-working he is. |
| 让步复句“哪怕……，也……”哪怕……，也…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | Even if …, still ….哪怕只有一点儿希望，我们也要努力。Even if there is only a little hope, we must still try hard. |
| 递进复句“不但不/不但没有……，反而……”不但不/不但没有……，反而…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | Not only not …, but on the contrary ….吃了药，病不但没有好，反而更重了。After taking the medicine, the illness not only did not improve but got worse. |
| 递进复句“不是……，还/还是……”不是……，还/还是…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | Instead of …, (even) went further and ….他不是来帮忙，还给大家添了不少麻烦。Instead of coming to help, he caused everyone a lot of trouble. |
| 目的复句“……，为的是……”……，为的是…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | … for the purpose of ….他每天早起跑步，为的是身体健康。He gets up early to run every day for the sake of his health. |
| 紧缩复句“没有……就没有……”没有……就没有…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | Without … there would be no ….没有大家的帮助，就没有我今天的成绩。Without everyone’s help, I would not have today’s results. |
| 紧缩复句“不……不……”不……不…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | Condensed conditional: if not …, then not ….他不做完作业不睡觉。He will not sleep until he finishes his homework. |
| 紧缩复句“再……也……”再……也…… | Multi-clause sentences复句 | No matter how …, still ….天气再热，他也不开空调。No matter how hot it gets, he still will not turn on the air conditioner. |
Source: the official 考试大纲 for HSK 3.0, published November 2025.
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