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HSK 3 grammar

All 59 grammar points the official HSK 3.0 syllabus examines at level 3, with what each one does and an example.

Grammar
HSK 3 grammar
PointCategoryWhat it does
前缀“老-”Word parts语素Prefix 老- before a surname forms a familiar way to address someone.老王是我爸爸的老朋友。Lao Wang is an old friend of my father.
后缀“-员／-家／-子”Word parts语素Suffixes like -员 form nouns for people with a role or job.她是饭店的服务员。She is a waitress at the restaurant.
能愿动词“应该”Word classes词类应该 expresses what should or ought to be done.你应该早点儿睡觉。You should go to bed earlier.
离合词洗澡 → 洗（个）澡Word classes词类Separable verbs like 洗澡 can split to take 了, 个 or other material in the middle.他每天晚上都洗澡。He takes a shower every evening.
疑问代词的任指用法疑问代词＋都／也……Word classes词类Question words + 都/也 mean “any / every”: 什么都, 谁都.他什么都想学。He wants to learn everything.
人称代词“咱们”Word classes词类咱们 means “we”, always including the listener.咱们一起去吃饭吧。Let us go eat together.
指示代词“别的／其他”Word classes词类别的 means “other / something else”.我不要别的，就要这个。I do not want anything else, just this one.
量词重叠与数量重叠个个／一个一个Word classes词类Reduplicated measure words mean “every one”; 一M一M means “one by one”.他们个个都很高兴。Every one of them is very happy.
动量词“遍”Word classes词类Verbal measure word 遍 counts complete run-throughs of an action.请你再说一遍。Please say it one more time.
程度副词“更”Word classes词类更 means “even more”, raising the degree in a comparison.今天比昨天更冷。Today is even colder than yesterday.
范围副词“一共”Word classes词类一共 means “altogether, in total”.我们班一共有二十人。Our class has twenty people in total.
时间副词“才”Word classes词类才 marks that something happens later than expected: “not until”.他十点才起床。He did not get up until ten o'clock.
频率副词“总是”Word classes词类总是 means “always”.他总是第一个到学校。He is always the first to arrive at school.
情态副词“一定”Word classes词类一定 means “definitely, must”.明天我一定来。I will definitely come tomorrow.
语气副词“终于”Word classes词类终于 means “finally, at last” after a long wait or effort.我们终于到北京了。We finally arrived in Beijing.
否定副词“不用／不必”Word classes词类不用 means “no need to”.你不用担心我。You do not need to worry about me.
介词“关于”Word classes词类关于 introduces the topic “about, concerning”.这是一本关于中国的书。This is a book about China.
介词“根据”Word classes词类根据 means “according to, based on”.请根据要求写句子。Please write sentences according to the requirements.
介词“为了”与目的复句为了……，……Word classes词类为了 introduces the purpose “in order to, for the sake of”.为了健康，他每天跑步。For his health, he runs every day.
连词“或者”与选择复句或者……，或者……Word classes词类或者 gives alternatives in statements: “or / either… or…”.你喝茶或者咖啡？Will you drink tea or coffee?
助词“的话”……的话，就……Word classes词类的话 after a clause marks “if…”, often paired with 就.你有时间的话，就来我家玩。If you have time, come to my place.
四字格“不A不B”Phrases短语不A不B with opposite words means “neither too A nor too B, just right”.这件衣服不大不小。This piece of clothing is neither too big nor too small.
越来越……越来越＋形容词Phrases短语越来越 means “more and more” over time.天气越来越热了。The weather is getting hotter and hotter.
看起来／看上去／在……看来Phrases短语看起来 means “it seems / looks like”; 在……看来 gives a point of view.你今天看起来很累。You look very tired today.
对……来说／一般来说Fixed expressions固定格式对……来说 means “as far as… is concerned”; 一般来说 means “generally speaking”.对我来说，汉字最难。For me, Chinese characters are the hardest.
除了……（以外），还／也／都……Fixed expressions固定格式除了 means “besides / except”, often with 还, 也 or 都.除了汉语，他还会英语。Besides Chinese, he also speaks English.
从……起Fixed expressions固定格式从……起 means “starting from (a time)”.从明天起，我要早点儿起床。Starting tomorrow, I will get up earlier.
一……也／都＋不／没……一＋量词＋也／都＋不／没……Fixed expressions固定格式一…也/都 + negation means “not even one / not at all”.他一句话也没说。He did not say a single word.
越……越……越A越BFixed expressions固定格式越…越… means “the more…, the more…”.雨越下越大了。The rain is falling harder and harder.
（在）……以前／以后Fixed expressions固定格式以前/以后 after a phrase mean “before / after …”.下课以后我们去打球。After class we will go play ball.
该……了Fixed expressions固定格式该…了 means “it is time to…”.十点了，该睡觉了。It is ten o'clock; time to sleep.
在……上／下／中Fixed expressions固定格式在…下 frames a condition, e.g. “with the help of…”.在老师的帮助下，成绩提高了。With the teacher's help, my grades improved.
X什么（啊）Fixed expressions固定格式Verb + 什么（啊） dismisses an action: “what are you …-ing for?”.哭什么啊，没事了。What are you crying for? It is all right now.
结果补语“到／住／走／上”动词＋到／住／走／上Parts of the sentence句子成分Result complements like 到 mark that the action reached its result.我找到手机了。I found my phone.
趋向补语的引申用法动词＋起来／下去／下来Parts of the sentence句子成分Directional complements extend to meanings like starting (起来) or continuing (下去).大家都笑了起来。Everyone started laughing.
可能补语1动词＋得／不＋动词／形容词Parts of the sentence句子成分V + 得/不 + complement says whether a result can be achieved.黑板上的字你看得清楚吗？Can you see the characters on the blackboard clearly?
程度补语“极了／得很”形容词＋极了Parts of the sentence句子成分极了 after an adjective means “extremely”.今天天气热极了。The weather today is extremely hot.
数量补语（时间间隔）动词＋时段＋了Parts of the sentence句子成分A duration after the verb + 了 marks time elapsed since an event.他离开北京三年了。It has been three years since he left Beijing.
“怎样＋动词”的特指问句Sentence types句类怎样 + verb asks “how” something is done.这个字怎样读？How is this character read?
反问句“不是……吗？”Sentence types句类Rhetorical 不是…吗 emphasizes something the listener should know.你不是去过北京吗？Have you not been to Beijing before?
“把”字句1主语＋把＋宾语＋动词＋其他成分Special sentence patterns特殊句型The 把 sentence moves the object before the verb to show what is done to it.请你把门关上。Please close the door.
被动句1主语＋被（＋宾语）＋动词＋其他成分Special sentence patterns特殊句型The 被 sentence marks the subject as affected by an action.我的蛋糕被弟弟吃了。My cake was eaten by my younger brother.
连动句“着”动词1＋着＋动词2Special sentence patterns特殊句型V1着V2 shows the first action accompanying the second.他笑着回答问题。He answered the question with a smile.
比较句2A＋比＋B＋更／还＋形容词Special sentence patterns特殊句型比 compares two things, with 更/还, 不比, or a measured difference.他比我更喜欢运动。He likes sports even more than I do.
跟……一样A＋跟＋B＋一样（＋形容词）Special sentence patterns特殊句型跟…一样 says two things are the same (optionally in some quality).我的书包跟你的一样。My schoolbag is the same as yours.
存现句3处所词＋动词＋补语＋了＋数量＋人／物Special sentence patterns特殊句型Existential sentences report someone or something appearing or disappearing at a place.我们班来了一个新同学。A new classmate came to our class.
“是……的”句2Special sentence patterns特殊句型是…的 here emphasizes the speaker's view or attitude.放心吧，他是会来的。Do not worry; he will definitely come.
重动句主语＋动词＋宾语＋动词＋补语Special sentence patterns特殊句型The verb is repeated after its object so a complement can follow.他说汉语说得很好。He speaks Chinese very well.
承接复句先……，再／然后……Multi-clause sentences复句先…然后/再… orders actions in sequence.我们先吃饭，然后看电影。We will eat first and then watch a movie.
并列复句“一会儿……，一会儿……”Multi-clause sentences复句一会儿…一会儿… marks quick alternation between actions or states.天气一会儿冷，一会儿热。The weather is cold one moment and hot the next.
并列复句“又……，又……”Multi-clause sentences复句又…又… joins two qualities or actions that hold at once.这个西瓜又大又甜。This watermelon is both big and sweet.
并列复句“一边……，一边……”Multi-clause sentences复句一边…一边… marks two actions done at the same time.他一边走路，一边听音乐。He listens to music while walking.
递进复句不但……，而且……Multi-clause sentences复句不但…而且… means “not only… but also…”.他不但会开车，而且开得很好。He can not only drive but drives very well.
转折复句虽然……，可是……Multi-clause sentences复句虽然…可是… means “although…, but…”.虽然下雨了，可是他还是来了。Although it rained, he still came.
假设复句如果……，就……Multi-clause sentences复句如果…就… means “if…, then…”.如果明天不下雨，我们就去爬山。If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
条件复句“只有……，才……”Multi-clause sentences复句只有…才… states a necessary condition: “only if…”.只有多练习，才能学好汉语。Only by practicing a lot can you learn Chinese well.
条件复句“只要……，就……”Multi-clause sentences复句只要…就… states a sufficient condition: “as long as…”.只要努力，成绩就会提高。As long as you work hard, your grades will improve.
紧缩复句……了……（就）……Multi-clause sentences复句Compressed clauses: as soon as one action finishes, the next follows with 就.他下了课就回家。He goes home as soon as class is over.
概数表达法2大概＋数量／相邻数词连用Special ways of saying things特殊表达法大概 or two adjacent numbers express an approximate amount.教室里大概有三十个人。There are about thirty people in the classroom.

Source: the official 考试大纲 for HSK 3.0, published November 2025.

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