艰辛 jiānxīn hardships
hardships; arduous; difficult
How to remember 艰辛: 艰 difficult + 辛 spicy = hardships.
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How it is used
- Hardship / arduousness, stressing toil and suffering - 历尽艰辛 (lìjìn jiānxīn) to go through untold hardships.
- Leans on the bitter effort involved (辛 = bitter); often a noun for the struggle endured: 创业的艰辛 (chuàngyè de jiānxīn) the hardship of starting a business.
- Contrast 艰难 (jiānnán), which stresses the difficulty of the situation; 艰辛 stresses the painful toil.