{ "name": "HSK 3.0 grammar syllabus, all levels", "source": "The official HSK 3.0 考试大纲, published November 2025.", "compiledBy": "Gushi — https://gushi-chinese.online/", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "attribution": "HSK 3.0 grammar syllabus, all levels by Gushi (https://gushi-chinese.online/hsk-3.0/downloads), CC BY-SA 4.0", "page": "https://gushi-chinese.online/hsk-3.0/downloads", "sources": { "lists": "The word, character and grammar lists: the official HSK 3.0 考试大纲, published November 2025. Facts out of a published document.", "meanings": "The English meanings: adapted from CC-CEDICT (https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=cc-cedict), CC BY-SA 4.0. This is why this data is share-alike.", "examples": "The example sentences: largely from the Tatoeba Project (https://tatoeba.org), CC BY 2.0 FR, plus sentences written for Gushi.", "compilation": "The selection, the pinyin, the tone numbers, the sense ordering and the checking: Gushi." }, "audioNote": "Free to play from gushi-chinese.online. NOT covered by this licence: the recordings are synthesised speech and are not ours to relicense as a corpus.", "updated": "2026-08-31", "kind": "grammar", "count": 428, "fields": { "level": "HSK 3.0 level, 1 to 9.", "point": "The grammar point as the syllabus names it.", "pattern": "The pattern the syllabus prints beside the point, where it prints one.", "categoryChinese": "The syllabus category, in Chinese.", "categoryEnglish": "The same category in English.", "explanation": "What the point does, in one sentence.", "exampleChinese": "Example sentence in simplified Chinese.", "exampleEnglish": "The example sentence in English." }, "data": [ { "level": 1, "point": "前缀“小-”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "语素", "categoryEnglish": "Word parts", "explanation": "The prefix 小- before a surname or given name makes a friendly, familiar form of address.", "exampleChinese": "小王是我的同学。", "exampleEnglish": "Xiao Wang is my classmate." }, { "level": 1, "point": "前缀“第-”", "pattern": "第＋数词", "categoryChinese": "语素", "categoryEnglish": "Word parts", "explanation": "The prefix 第- before a numeral forms ordinal numbers: 第一 first, 第二 second.", "exampleChinese": "今天是我上班的第一天。", "exampleEnglish": "Today is my first day at work." }, { "level": 1, "point": "后缀“-们”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "语素", "categoryEnglish": "Word parts", "explanation": "The suffix -们 marks plural on pronouns and words for people: 我们, 老师们.", "exampleChinese": "我们是学生。", "exampleEnglish": "We are students." }, { "level": 1, "point": "后缀“-边”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "语素", "categoryEnglish": "Word parts", "explanation": "The suffix -边 attaches to direction words to form location words: 上边, 前边, 外边.", "exampleChinese": "书在桌子上边。", "exampleEnglish": "The book is on top of the table." }, { "level": 1, "point": "方位名词（上、下、里、外、前、后）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Locality nouns like 上, 下, 里, 外 follow a noun to express “on / under / inside / outside”.", "exampleChinese": "我的书在家里。", "exampleEnglish": "My book is at home." }, { "level": 1, "point": "能愿动词“会、能”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The modal verbs 会 and 能 before a verb express learned ability (会) or capability/possibility (能).", "exampleChinese": "我会说汉语。", "exampleEnglish": "I can speak Chinese." }, { "level": 1, "point": "能愿动词“想、要”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The modal verbs 想 and 要 before a verb express wanting or intending to do something.", "exampleChinese": "我想喝茶。", "exampleEnglish": "I want to drink tea." }, { "level": 1, "point": "能愿动词“可以”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The modal verb 可以 expresses permission or possibility: “may / be allowed to”.", "exampleChinese": "你可以坐这儿。", "exampleEnglish": "You may sit here." }, { "level": 1, "point": "离合词（睡觉、说话、上课……）", "pattern": "睡觉 → 睡（一个好）觉", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Separable verbs like 睡觉, 说话, 上课 are verb+object compounds that act as one verb - and come apart to take 了 or a measure phrase in the middle.", "exampleChinese": "我晚上十点睡觉。", "exampleEnglish": "I go to bed at ten in the evening." }, { "level": 1, "point": "疑问代词（什么、谁、哪儿、几、多少……）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Question words like 什么, 谁, 哪儿 stand in the sentence position of the thing being asked about.", "exampleChinese": "这是什么？", "exampleEnglish": "What is this?" }, { "level": 1, "point": "人称代词（我、你、您、他、她、大家……）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Personal pronouns refer to people; 您 is the polite form of 你.", "exampleChinese": "您好，王老师！", "exampleEnglish": "Hello, Teacher Wang! (polite)" }, { "level": 1, "point": "指示代词（这、那、这儿、那儿、这些……）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Demonstratives 这 “this” and 那 “that” point to people, things, and places.", "exampleChinese": "这是我的书。", "exampleEnglish": "This is my book." }, { "level": 1, "point": "数词（一……十、百、千、半、二/两）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Numerals count things; before a measure word, “two” is 两, not 二.", "exampleChinese": "我有两个哥哥。", "exampleEnglish": "I have two older brothers." }, { "level": 1, "point": "名量词（本、个、家、口、块、件、只、元；杯）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "A measure word must stand between a number or demonstrative and its noun; 个 is the most general one.", "exampleChinese": "我买了三个苹果。", "exampleEnglish": "I bought three apples." }, { "level": 1, "point": "时量词（日、号、岁、点、分、年、天）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Time measure words count dates, ages, and clock time; 岁 counts years of age.", "exampleChinese": "你儿子几岁？", "exampleEnglish": "How old is your son?" }, { "level": 1, "point": "程度副词“很、太、非常、真、有点儿”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Degree adverbs stand before adjectives; a plain adjective predicate usually takes 很.", "exampleChinese": "我今天很忙。", "exampleEnglish": "I am very busy today." }, { "level": 1, "point": "范围副词“都”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The adverb 都 before the verb means “all / both”, covering everything mentioned before it.", "exampleChinese": "我们都是学生。", "exampleEnglish": "We are all students." }, { "level": 1, "point": "时间副词“在、正在”", "pattern": "（正）在＋动词（＋呢）", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "在 or 正在 before the verb marks an action in progress, often with 呢 at the end.", "exampleChinese": "他在吃饭。", "exampleEnglish": "He is eating." }, { "level": 1, "point": "频率副词“再”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The adverb 再 before a verb means “again / once more”, for a repeated future action.", "exampleChinese": "你明天再来吧。", "exampleEnglish": "Come again tomorrow." }, { "level": 1, "point": "关联副词“也、还”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The adverb 也 before the verb means “also / too”, linking a second parallel statement.", "exampleChinese": "我是学生，他也是学生。", "exampleEnglish": "I am a student, and he is a student too." }, { "level": 1, "point": "否定副词“不”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "不 before a verb or adjective negates present, habitual, or intended actions and states.", "exampleChinese": "我不是老师。", "exampleEnglish": "I am not a teacher." }, { "level": 1, "point": "否定副词“没（有）”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "没(有) negates possession and completed actions: “not have / did not”.", "exampleChinese": "我没有钱。", "exampleEnglish": "I have no money." }, { "level": 1, "point": "介词“在”（引出时间、处所）", "pattern": "在＋处所＋动词", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The preposition 在 introduces the place or time of an action, before the verb.", "exampleChinese": "我在学校学习。", "exampleEnglish": "I study at school." }, { "level": 1, "point": "介词“和、对”（引出对象）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The preposition 和 introduces the person one does something with; 对 introduces the target “toward”.", "exampleChinese": "我和妈妈去商店。", "exampleEnglish": "I go to the store with Mom." }, { "level": 1, "point": "连词“和”（连接词语）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The conjunction 和 joins nouns or noun phrases: “A and B”.", "exampleChinese": "我有一只猫和一只狗。", "exampleEnglish": "I have a cat and a dog." }, { "level": 1, "point": "结构助词“的”", "pattern": "定语＋的＋名词", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The particle 的 links a modifier to its noun and marks possession: 我的书 “my book”.", "exampleChinese": "那是我的书。", "exampleEnglish": "That is my book." }, { "level": 1, "point": "动态助词“了”", "pattern": "动词＋了（＋宾语）", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The aspect particle 了 right after a verb marks a completed action.", "exampleChinese": "我买了三本书。", "exampleEnglish": "I bought three books." }, { "level": 1, "point": "语气助词“吗”", "pattern": "……＋吗？", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Sentence-final 吗 turns a statement into a yes-no question.", "exampleChinese": "你是学生吗？", "exampleEnglish": "Are you a student?" }, { "level": 1, "point": "语气助词“呢”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Sentence-final 呢 asks “what about…?”, softens a question in progress, or asks where something is.", "exampleChinese": "我是老师，你呢？", "exampleEnglish": "I am a teacher - what about you?" }, { "level": 1, "point": "语气助词“吧”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Sentence-final 吧 makes a suggestion or marks an assumption the speaker expects to be right.", "exampleChinese": "我们回家吧。", "exampleEnglish": "Let’s go home." }, { "level": 1, "point": "语气助词“了”（变化）", "pattern": "……＋了", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Sentence-final 了 marks a new situation or change of state: “now / anymore”.", "exampleChinese": "天气冷了。", "exampleEnglish": "The weather has gotten cold." }, { "level": 1, "point": "叹词“喂”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The interjection 喂 opens a phone call or calls for someone’s attention: “hello?”.", "exampleChinese": "喂，你现在忙吗？", "exampleEnglish": "Hello, are you busy right now?" }, { "level": 1, "point": "主谓句1：动词谓语句", "pattern": "主语＋动词（＋宾语）", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "The basic sentence: a subject followed by a verb and an optional object.", "exampleChinese": "我吃米饭。", "exampleEnglish": "I eat rice." }, { "level": 1, "point": "主谓句2：形容词谓语句", "pattern": "主语＋（副词＋）形容词", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "An adjective serves directly as the predicate - no 是 is used before it.", "exampleChinese": "爸爸今天很忙。", "exampleEnglish": "Dad is very busy today." }, { "level": 1, "point": "主谓句3：名词谓语句", "pattern": "主语＋名词性词语", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "A noun phrase serves directly as the predicate for dates, times, ages, and prices - no 是 needed.", "exampleChinese": "今天星期一。", "exampleEnglish": "Today is Monday." }, { "level": 1, "point": "非主谓句", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "A complete utterance without a subject-predicate structure, common in greetings and requests.", "exampleChinese": "请坐，请喝茶。", "exampleEnglish": "Please sit down and have some tea." }, { "level": 1, "point": "正反问句", "pattern": "动词＋不＋动词", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "A yes-no question formed by juxtaposing the positive and negative forms of the verb or adjective.", "exampleChinese": "你去不去？", "exampleEnglish": "Are you going or not?" }, { "level": 1, "point": "祈使句（请／不要）", "pattern": "不要＋动词", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Imperatives use 请 for polite requests and 不要 to tell someone not to do something.", "exampleChinese": "不要说话。", "exampleEnglish": "Don’t talk." }, { "level": 1, "point": "“是”字句1（等同或类属）", "pattern": "A＋是＋B", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "是 links the subject to what it equals or what category it belongs to.", "exampleChinese": "我是学生。", "exampleEnglish": "I am a student." }, { "level": 1, "point": "“有”字句1（领有）", "pattern": "主语＋有＋宾语", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "有 expresses possession: the subject has something.", "exampleChinese": "我有一个姐姐。", "exampleEnglish": "I have an older sister." }, { "level": 1, "point": "存现句1", "pattern": "处所＋有＋数量短语＋名词", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "An existence sentence: a place comes first, then 有 (or 是) introduces what exists there.", "exampleChinese": "桌子上有三本书。", "exampleEnglish": "There are three books on the table." }, { "level": 1, "point": "连动句1", "pattern": "主语＋动词1（＋宾语）＋动词2（＋宾语）", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "Two verbs in sequence share one subject; the first is often 去/来 stating purpose or means.", "exampleChinese": "我去商店买苹果。", "exampleEnglish": "I go to the store to buy apples." }, { "level": 1, "point": "双宾语句1", "pattern": "主语＋动词＋宾语1＋宾语2", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "Some verbs take two objects: first the person, then the thing.", "exampleChinese": "妈妈给我十块钱。", "exampleEnglish": "Mom gives me ten yuan." }, { "level": 1, "point": "时间表示法", "pattern": "数词＋点（＋数词＋分）", "categoryChinese": "特殊表达法", "categoryEnglish": "Special ways of saying things", "explanation": "Clock time is stated with 点 for the hour and 分 for the minutes, placed before the verb.", "exampleChinese": "现在三点十分。", "exampleEnglish": "It is now ten past three." }, { "level": 1, "point": "钱数表示法", "pattern": "数词＋块（钱）", "categoryChinese": "特殊表达法", "categoryEnglish": "Special ways of saying things", "explanation": "Prices are counted with 块 (colloquial) or 元 (formal): 三块钱 “three yuan”.", "exampleChinese": "这个苹果三块钱。", "exampleEnglish": "This apple is three yuan." }, { "level": 2, "point": "后缀“-面”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "语素", "categoryEnglish": "Word parts", "explanation": "The suffix -面 attaches to direction words to form location words: 上面, 里面, 外面.", "exampleChinese": "书在桌子上面。", "exampleEnglish": "The book is on the table." }, { "level": 2, "point": "方位名词（左、右）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The locality nouns 左 “left” and 右 “right” combine with 边/面 to give directions.", "exampleChinese": "医院在商店的左边。", "exampleEnglish": "The hospital is to the left of the store." }, { "level": 2, "point": "动词重叠", "pattern": "AA／A一A／A了A／ABAB", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Reduplicating a verb (看看, 看一看) makes the action brief, casual, or tentative.", "exampleChinese": "我可以看看吗？", "exampleEnglish": "May I take a look?" }, { "level": 2, "point": "能愿动词“可能”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The modal verb 可能 expresses possibility: “might / maybe”.", "exampleChinese": "他可能生病了。", "exampleEnglish": "He might be sick." }, { "level": 2, "point": "离合词（帮忙、游泳、跳舞、跑步）", "pattern": "游泳 → 游（半个小时的）泳", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "More separable verbs: activity words like 游泳 and 跑步 behave as verb+object compounds, and split when you say how long or how often.", "exampleChinese": "我会游泳。", "exampleEnglish": "I can swim." }, { "level": 2, "point": "疑问代词“为什么”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "为什么 asks for the reason: “why?”.", "exampleChinese": "你为什么不吃饭？", "exampleEnglish": "Why aren’t you eating?" }, { "level": 2, "point": "人称代词“自己”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "自己 “oneself” reflects back on the subject or emphasizes doing something personally.", "exampleChinese": "这是我自己做的菜。", "exampleEnglish": "This is a dish I made myself." }, { "level": 2, "point": "指示代词（这么、那么、这样、那样、每）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "这么/那么 before an adjective mean “so / this …”, pointing at degree or manner.", "exampleChinese": "今天怎么这么热？", "exampleEnglish": "Why is it so hot today?" }, { "level": 2, "point": "形容词重叠", "pattern": "AA／AABB", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Reduplicated adjectives (好好, 高高兴兴) intensify and vivify the description.", "exampleChinese": "你好好休息吧。", "exampleEnglish": "Have a good rest." }, { "level": 2, "point": "数词（万、好多、多）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "万 counts ten-thousands; Chinese numbers group by 万, not by thousand.", "exampleChinese": "这个电脑一万块钱。", "exampleEnglish": "This computer costs ten thousand yuan." }, { "level": 2, "point": "名量词（条、位、间、名；包）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "More measure words: 条 for long thin things and animals, 位 politely for people, 间 for rooms.", "exampleChinese": "我买了一条鱼。", "exampleEnglish": "I bought a fish." }, { "level": 2, "point": "动量词“次”", "pattern": "动词＋数词＋次", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The verbal measure word 次 counts how many times an action happens.", "exampleChinese": "我去过一次北京。", "exampleEnglish": "I have been to Beijing once." }, { "level": 2, "point": "程度副词（多、好、最）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The degree adverb 最 marks the superlative: “the most”.", "exampleChinese": "我最喜欢吃苹果。", "exampleEnglish": "I like eating apples the most." }, { "level": 2, "point": "范围副词“一起”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The adverb 一起 before the verb means doing something together.", "exampleChinese": "我们一起去吃饭吧。", "exampleEnglish": "Let’s go eat together." }, { "level": 2, "point": "时间副词（已经、还、有时候、快、正）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Time adverbs like 已经 “already” stand before the verb, often with sentence-final 了.", "exampleChinese": "他已经走了。", "exampleEnglish": "He has already left." }, { "level": 2, "point": "频率副词“常、经常”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The adverb 经常 before the verb means “often / frequently”.", "exampleChinese": "我经常去游泳。", "exampleEnglish": "I often go swimming." }, { "level": 2, "point": "否定副词“别”", "pattern": "别＋动词（＋了）", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "别 before a verb tells someone not to do something: “don’t”.", "exampleChinese": "上课别说话。", "exampleEnglish": "Don’t talk in class." }, { "level": 2, "point": "关联副词“就”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The adverb 就 links two actions in quick sequence: as soon as one happens, the next follows.", "exampleChinese": "你到了就给我打电话。", "exampleEnglish": "Call me as soon as you arrive." }, { "level": 2, "point": "介词“从”", "pattern": "从＋时间/处所", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The preposition 从 marks the starting point in time or space: “from”.", "exampleChinese": "他从中国来。", "exampleEnglish": "He comes from China." }, { "level": 2, "point": "介词“往”", "pattern": "往＋方向＋动词", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The preposition 往 marks the direction of movement: “toward”.", "exampleChinese": "请往前走。", "exampleEnglish": "Please go forward." }, { "level": 2, "point": "介词“给”", "pattern": "给＋对象＋动词", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The preposition 给 introduces the beneficiary or recipient of an action: “for / to”.", "exampleChinese": "我晚上给你打电话。", "exampleEnglish": "I will call you this evening." }, { "level": 2, "point": "介词“跟”", "pattern": "跟＋对象＋动词", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The preposition 跟 introduces the person one does something with or learns from.", "exampleChinese": "明天我跟妈妈去买东西。", "exampleEnglish": "Tomorrow I am going shopping with Mom." }, { "level": 2, "point": "连词“那”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The conjunction 那 “then / in that case” draws a conclusion from what was just said.", "exampleChinese": "你不去，那我自己去。", "exampleEnglish": "If you are not going, then I will go myself." }, { "level": 2, "point": "结构助词“得”（状态补语）", "pattern": "动词＋得＋形容词性短语", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "得 after a verb links a complement describing how the action is done.", "exampleChinese": "他跑得很快。", "exampleEnglish": "He runs very fast." }, { "level": 2, "point": "结构助词“地”", "pattern": "形容词＋地＋动词", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "地 links an adjective to the verb it modifies, forming an adverbial: 高兴地说.", "exampleChinese": "孩子们高兴地唱歌。", "exampleEnglish": "The children sing happily." }, { "level": 2, "point": "动态助词“过”", "pattern": "动词＋过", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The aspect particle 过 after a verb marks past experience: “have (ever) done”.", "exampleChinese": "我去过中国。", "exampleEnglish": "I have been to China." }, { "level": 2, "point": "动态助词“着”", "pattern": "动词＋着", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "The aspect particle 着 after a verb marks an ongoing state or continuing action.", "exampleChinese": "门开着呢。", "exampleEnglish": "The door is open." }, { "level": 2, "point": "语气助词“啊”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Sentence-final 啊 adds exclamation, agreement, or urging to the sentence.", "exampleChinese": "今天天气真好啊！", "exampleEnglish": "The weather is so nice today!" }, { "level": 2, "point": "固定短语“什么的”", "pattern": "……、……什么的", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "什么的 after a list means “and so on / and such”.", "exampleChinese": "我买了苹果、茶什么的。", "exampleEnglish": "I bought apples, tea, and so on." }, { "level": 2, "point": "还是……吧", "pattern": "还是＋……＋吧", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "还是……吧 proposes the better alternative after weighing options: “we’d better…”.", "exampleChinese": "太晚了，我们还是回家吧。", "exampleEnglish": "It is too late - we had better go home." }, { "level": 2, "point": "要/快要/就要……了", "pattern": "要/快要/就要＋动词＋了", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "The frame 要……了 (also 快要/就要……了) marks something about to happen.", "exampleChinese": "火车就要开了。", "exampleEnglish": "The train is about to leave." }, { "level": 2, "point": "都……了", "pattern": "都＋……＋了", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "The frame 都……了 stresses that a point has already been reached: “it’s already…”.", "exampleChinese": "都十点了，你怎么还在睡觉？", "exampleEnglish": "It is already ten - why are you still sleeping?" }, { "level": 2, "point": "结果补语1", "pattern": "动词＋错/懂/好/会/完", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "A result complement right after the verb states the outcome: 完 “finished”, 错 “wrongly”, 懂 “understood”.", "exampleChinese": "我吃完饭了。", "exampleEnglish": "I have finished eating." }, { "level": 2, "point": "趋向补语1", "pattern": "动词＋来/去", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "Directional complements 来/去 (and 进来, 回来…) after a verb show movement toward or away from the speaker.", "exampleChinese": "你快进来吧。", "exampleEnglish": "Come on in." }, { "level": 2, "point": "数量补语2（时量）", "pattern": "动词＋了＋时段", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "A duration complement after the verb states how long the action lasts.", "exampleChinese": "我睡了八个小时。", "exampleEnglish": "I slept for eight hours." }, { "level": 2, "point": "主谓句4：主谓谓语句", "pattern": "主语＋[主语＋谓语]", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "A subject-predicate phrase itself serves as the predicate: 我身体很好 “my health is good”.", "exampleChinese": "我身体很好。", "exampleEnglish": "My health is very good." }, { "level": 2, "point": "选择问句“还是”", "pattern": "A＋还是＋B？", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "还是 joins two alternatives in a choice question: “A or B?”.", "exampleChinese": "你喝茶还是喝咖啡？", "exampleEnglish": "Do you want tea or coffee?" }, { "level": 2, "point": "“是”字句2（说明或特征）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "是 links the subject to a description or characteristic, often with a 的-phrase.", "exampleChinese": "这件衣服是红的。", "exampleEnglish": "This piece of clothing is red." }, { "level": 2, "point": "“有”字句2（达到）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "有 before a quantity or comparison states that an amount or degree is reached.", "exampleChinese": "从我家到学校有二十分钟。", "exampleEnglish": "It takes a good twenty minutes from my home to school." }, { "level": 2, "point": "存现句2", "pattern": "处所＋动词＋着（＋数量短语）＋名词", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "An existence sentence with verb+着: a place comes first, then what is there in that state.", "exampleChinese": "椅子上坐着一个人。", "exampleEnglish": "A person is sitting on the chair." }, { "level": 2, "point": "比较句1", "pattern": "A＋比＋B＋形容词", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "比 compares two things: A is more … than B; a measure of difference can follow.", "exampleChinese": "他比我高。", "exampleEnglish": "He is taller than me." }, { "level": 2, "point": "“是……的”句1", "pattern": "是＋时间/地点/方式＋动词＋的", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "The 是……的 frame highlights the time, place, manner, or agent of a past action.", "exampleChinese": "你是什么时候来的？", "exampleEnglish": "When was it that you came?" }, { "level": 2, "point": "兼语句1", "pattern": "主语＋请/叫/让＋宾语1＋动词（＋宾语2）", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "A pivotal sentence: the object of 请/叫/让 is also the subject of the following verb.", "exampleChinese": "我想请你吃饭。", "exampleEnglish": "I would like to invite you to a meal." }, { "level": 2, "point": "双宾语句2", "pattern": "主语＋动词＋给＋宾语1＋宾语2", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "Verbs like 送 and 带 combine with 给 before the recipient and the thing given.", "exampleChinese": "他送给我一本书。", "exampleEnglish": "He gave me a book as a gift." }, { "level": 2, "point": "紧缩复句“一……就……”", "pattern": "一＋动词1＋就＋动词2", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "The frame 一…就… means “as soon as A happens, B happens”.", "exampleChinese": "我一到家就给你打电话。", "exampleEnglish": "I will call you as soon as I get home." }, { "level": 2, "point": "转折复句“虽然……但是……”", "pattern": "虽然……，但是……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "虽然…但是… links two clauses with a contrast: “although… , but…”.", "exampleChinese": "虽然很贵，但是我很喜欢。", "exampleEnglish": "Although it is expensive, I like it very much." }, { "level": 2, "point": "因果复句“因为……所以……”", "pattern": "因为……，所以……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "因为…所以… links cause and result: “because… , therefore…”.", "exampleChinese": "因为下雨，所以我没去跑步。", "exampleEnglish": "Because it rained, I did not go running." }, { "level": 2, "point": "概数表达法1", "pattern": "数词＋多＋量词", "categoryChinese": "特殊表达法", "categoryEnglish": "Special ways of saying things", "explanation": "Approximate numbers use 几 or add 多 after the numeral: 十多个 “ten-odd”.", "exampleChinese": "我买了十多个苹果。", "exampleEnglish": "I bought more than ten apples." }, { "level": 3, "point": "前缀“老-”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "语素", "categoryEnglish": "Word parts", "explanation": "Prefix 老- before a surname forms a familiar way to address someone.", "exampleChinese": "老王是我爸爸的老朋友。", "exampleEnglish": "Lao Wang is an old friend of my father." }, { "level": 3, "point": "后缀“-员／-家／-子”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "语素", "categoryEnglish": "Word parts", "explanation": "Suffixes like -员 form nouns for people with a role or job.", "exampleChinese": "她是饭店的服务员。", "exampleEnglish": "She is a waitress at the restaurant." }, { "level": 3, "point": "能愿动词“应该”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "应该 expresses what should or ought to be done.", "exampleChinese": "你应该早点儿睡觉。", "exampleEnglish": "You should go to bed earlier." }, { "level": 3, "point": "离合词", "pattern": "洗澡 → 洗（个）澡", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Separable verbs like 洗澡 can split to take 了, 个 or other material in the middle.", "exampleChinese": "他每天晚上都洗澡。", "exampleEnglish": "He takes a shower every evening." }, { "level": 3, "point": "疑问代词的任指用法", "pattern": "疑问代词＋都／也……", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Question words + 都/也 mean “any / every”: 什么都, 谁都.", "exampleChinese": "他什么都想学。", "exampleEnglish": "He wants to learn everything." }, { "level": 3, "point": "人称代词“咱们”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "咱们 means “we”, always including the listener.", "exampleChinese": "咱们一起去吃饭吧。", "exampleEnglish": "Let us go eat together." }, { "level": 3, "point": "指示代词“别的／其他”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "别的 means “other / something else”.", "exampleChinese": "我不要别的，就要这个。", "exampleEnglish": "I do not want anything else, just this one." }, { "level": 3, "point": "量词重叠与数量重叠", "pattern": "个个／一个一个", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Reduplicated measure words mean “every one”; 一M一M means “one by one”.", "exampleChinese": "他们个个都很高兴。", "exampleEnglish": "Every one of them is very happy." }, { "level": 3, "point": "动量词“遍”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Verbal measure word 遍 counts complete run-throughs of an action.", "exampleChinese": "请你再说一遍。", "exampleEnglish": "Please say it one more time." }, { "level": 3, "point": "程度副词“更”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "更 means “even more”, raising the degree in a comparison.", "exampleChinese": "今天比昨天更冷。", "exampleEnglish": "Today is even colder than yesterday." }, { "level": 3, "point": "范围副词“一共”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "一共 means “altogether, in total”.", "exampleChinese": "我们班一共有二十人。", "exampleEnglish": "Our class has twenty people in total." }, { "level": 3, "point": "时间副词“才”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "才 marks that something happens later than expected: “not until”.", "exampleChinese": "他十点才起床。", "exampleEnglish": "He did not get up until ten o'clock." }, { "level": 3, "point": "频率副词“总是”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "总是 means “always”.", "exampleChinese": "他总是第一个到学校。", "exampleEnglish": "He is always the first to arrive at school." }, { "level": 3, "point": "情态副词“一定”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "一定 means “definitely, must”.", "exampleChinese": "明天我一定来。", "exampleEnglish": "I will definitely come tomorrow." }, { "level": 3, "point": "语气副词“终于”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "终于 means “finally, at last” after a long wait or effort.", "exampleChinese": "我们终于到北京了。", "exampleEnglish": "We finally arrived in Beijing." }, { "level": 3, "point": "否定副词“不用／不必”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "不用 means “no need to”.", "exampleChinese": "你不用担心我。", "exampleEnglish": "You do not need to worry about me." }, { "level": 3, "point": "介词“关于”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "关于 introduces the topic “about, concerning”.", "exampleChinese": "这是一本关于中国的书。", "exampleEnglish": "This is a book about China." }, { "level": 3, "point": "介词“根据”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "根据 means “according to, based on”.", "exampleChinese": "请根据要求写句子。", "exampleEnglish": "Please write sentences according to the requirements." }, { "level": 3, "point": "介词“为了”与目的复句", "pattern": "为了……，……", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "为了 introduces the purpose “in order to, for the sake of”.", "exampleChinese": "为了健康，他每天跑步。", "exampleEnglish": "For his health, he runs every day." }, { "level": 3, "point": "连词“或者”与选择复句", "pattern": "或者……，或者……", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "或者 gives alternatives in statements: “or / either… or…”.", "exampleChinese": "你喝茶或者咖啡？", "exampleEnglish": "Will you drink tea or coffee?" }, { "level": 3, "point": "助词“的话”", "pattern": "……的话，就……", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "的话 after a clause marks “if…”, often paired with 就.", "exampleChinese": "你有时间的话，就来我家玩。", "exampleEnglish": "If you have time, come to my place." }, { "level": 3, "point": "四字格“不A不B”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "不A不B with opposite words means “neither too A nor too B, just right”.", "exampleChinese": "这件衣服不大不小。", "exampleEnglish": "This piece of clothing is neither too big nor too small." }, { "level": 3, "point": "越来越……", "pattern": "越来越＋形容词", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "越来越 means “more and more” over time.", "exampleChinese": "天气越来越热了。", "exampleEnglish": "The weather is getting hotter and hotter." }, { "level": 3, "point": "看起来／看上去／在……看来", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "看起来 means “it seems / looks like”; 在……看来 gives a point of view.", "exampleChinese": "你今天看起来很累。", "exampleEnglish": "You look very tired today." }, { "level": 3, "point": "对……来说／一般来说", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "对……来说 means “as far as… is concerned”; 一般来说 means “generally speaking”.", "exampleChinese": "对我来说，汉字最难。", "exampleEnglish": "For me, Chinese characters are the hardest." }, { "level": 3, "point": "除了……（以外），还／也／都……", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "除了 means “besides / except”, often with 还, 也 or 都.", "exampleChinese": "除了汉语，他还会英语。", "exampleEnglish": "Besides Chinese, he also speaks English." }, { "level": 3, "point": "从……起", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "从……起 means “starting from (a time)”.", "exampleChinese": "从明天起，我要早点儿起床。", "exampleEnglish": "Starting tomorrow, I will get up earlier." }, { "level": 3, "point": "一……也／都＋不／没……", "pattern": "一＋量词＋也／都＋不／没……", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "一…也/都 + negation means “not even one / not at all”.", "exampleChinese": "他一句话也没说。", "exampleEnglish": "He did not say a single word." }, { "level": 3, "point": "越……越……", "pattern": "越A越B", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "越…越… means “the more…, the more…”.", "exampleChinese": "雨越下越大了。", "exampleEnglish": "The rain is falling harder and harder." }, { "level": 3, "point": "（在）……以前／以后", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "以前/以后 after a phrase mean “before / after …”.", "exampleChinese": "下课以后我们去打球。", "exampleEnglish": "After class we will go play ball." }, { "level": 3, "point": "该……了", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "该…了 means “it is time to…”.", "exampleChinese": "十点了，该睡觉了。", "exampleEnglish": "It is ten o'clock; time to sleep." }, { "level": 3, "point": "在……上／下／中", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "在…下 frames a condition, e.g. “with the help of…”.", "exampleChinese": "在老师的帮助下，成绩提高了。", "exampleEnglish": "With the teacher's help, my grades improved." }, { "level": 3, "point": "X什么（啊）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Verb + 什么（啊） dismisses an action: “what are you …-ing for?”.", "exampleChinese": "哭什么啊，没事了。", "exampleEnglish": "What are you crying for? It is all right now." }, { "level": 3, "point": "结果补语“到／住／走／上”", "pattern": "动词＋到／住／走／上", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "Result complements like 到 mark that the action reached its result.", "exampleChinese": "我找到手机了。", "exampleEnglish": "I found my phone." }, { "level": 3, "point": "趋向补语的引申用法", "pattern": "动词＋起来／下去／下来", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "Directional complements extend to meanings like starting (起来) or continuing (下去).", "exampleChinese": "大家都笑了起来。", "exampleEnglish": "Everyone started laughing." }, { "level": 3, "point": "可能补语1", "pattern": "动词＋得／不＋动词／形容词", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "V + 得/不 + complement says whether a result can be achieved.", "exampleChinese": "黑板上的字你看得清楚吗？", "exampleEnglish": "Can you see the characters on the blackboard clearly?" }, { "level": 3, "point": "程度补语“极了／得很”", "pattern": "形容词＋极了", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "极了 after an adjective means “extremely”.", "exampleChinese": "今天天气热极了。", "exampleEnglish": "The weather today is extremely hot." }, { "level": 3, "point": "数量补语（时间间隔）", "pattern": "动词＋时段＋了", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "A duration after the verb + 了 marks time elapsed since an event.", "exampleChinese": "他离开北京三年了。", "exampleEnglish": "It has been three years since he left Beijing." }, { "level": 3, "point": "“怎样＋动词”的特指问句", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "句类", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence types", "explanation": "怎样 + verb asks “how” something is done.", "exampleChinese": "这个字怎样读？", "exampleEnglish": "How is this character read?" }, { "level": 3, "point": "反问句“不是……吗？”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "句类", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence types", "explanation": "Rhetorical 不是…吗 emphasizes something the listener should know.", "exampleChinese": "你不是去过北京吗？", "exampleEnglish": "Have you not been to Beijing before?" }, { "level": 3, "point": "“把”字句1", "pattern": "主语＋把＋宾语＋动词＋其他成分", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "The 把 sentence moves the object before the verb to show what is done to it.", "exampleChinese": "请你把门关上。", "exampleEnglish": "Please close the door." }, { "level": 3, "point": "被动句1", "pattern": "主语＋被（＋宾语）＋动词＋其他成分", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "The 被 sentence marks the subject as affected by an action.", "exampleChinese": "我的蛋糕被弟弟吃了。", "exampleEnglish": "My cake was eaten by my younger brother." }, { "level": 3, "point": "连动句“着”", "pattern": "动词1＋着＋动词2", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "V1着V2 shows the first action accompanying the second.", "exampleChinese": "他笑着回答问题。", "exampleEnglish": "He answered the question with a smile." }, { "level": 3, "point": "比较句2", "pattern": "A＋比＋B＋更／还＋形容词", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "比 compares two things, with 更/还, 不比, or a measured difference.", "exampleChinese": "他比我更喜欢运动。", "exampleEnglish": "He likes sports even more than I do." }, { "level": 3, "point": "跟……一样", "pattern": "A＋跟＋B＋一样（＋形容词）", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "跟…一样 says two things are the same (optionally in some quality).", "exampleChinese": "我的书包跟你的一样。", "exampleEnglish": "My schoolbag is the same as yours." }, { "level": 3, "point": "存现句3", "pattern": "处所词＋动词＋补语＋了＋数量＋人／物", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "Existential sentences report someone or something appearing or disappearing at a place.", "exampleChinese": "我们班来了一个新同学。", "exampleEnglish": "A new classmate came to our class." }, { "level": 3, "point": "“是……的”句2", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "是…的 here emphasizes the speaker's view or attitude.", "exampleChinese": "放心吧，他是会来的。", "exampleEnglish": "Do not worry; he will definitely come." }, { "level": 3, "point": "重动句", "pattern": "主语＋动词＋宾语＋动词＋补语", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "The verb is repeated after its object so a complement can follow.", "exampleChinese": "他说汉语说得很好。", "exampleEnglish": "He speaks Chinese very well." }, { "level": 3, "point": "承接复句", "pattern": "先……，再／然后……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "先…然后/再… orders actions in sequence.", "exampleChinese": "我们先吃饭，然后看电影。", "exampleEnglish": "We will eat first and then watch a movie." }, { "level": 3, "point": "并列复句“一会儿……，一会儿……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "一会儿…一会儿… marks quick alternation between actions or states.", "exampleChinese": "天气一会儿冷，一会儿热。", "exampleEnglish": "The weather is cold one moment and hot the next." }, { "level": 3, "point": "并列复句“又……，又……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "又…又… joins two qualities or actions that hold at once.", "exampleChinese": "这个西瓜又大又甜。", "exampleEnglish": "This watermelon is both big and sweet." }, { "level": 3, "point": "并列复句“一边……，一边……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "一边…一边… marks two actions done at the same time.", "exampleChinese": "他一边走路，一边听音乐。", "exampleEnglish": "He listens to music while walking." }, { "level": 3, "point": "递进复句", "pattern": "不但……，而且……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "不但…而且… means “not only… but also…”.", "exampleChinese": "他不但会开车，而且开得很好。", "exampleEnglish": "He can not only drive but drives very well." }, { "level": 3, "point": "转折复句", "pattern": "虽然……，可是……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "虽然…可是… means “although…, but…”.", "exampleChinese": "虽然下雨了，可是他还是来了。", "exampleEnglish": "Although it rained, he still came." }, { "level": 3, "point": "假设复句", "pattern": "如果……，就……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "如果…就… means “if…, then…”.", "exampleChinese": "如果明天不下雨，我们就去爬山。", "exampleEnglish": "If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go hiking." }, { "level": 3, "point": "条件复句“只有……，才……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "只有…才… states a necessary condition: “only if…”.", "exampleChinese": "只有多练习，才能学好汉语。", "exampleEnglish": "Only by practicing a lot can you learn Chinese well." }, { "level": 3, "point": "条件复句“只要……，就……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "只要…就… states a sufficient condition: “as long as…”.", "exampleChinese": "只要努力，成绩就会提高。", "exampleEnglish": "As long as you work hard, your grades will improve." }, { "level": 3, "point": "紧缩复句", "pattern": "……了……（就）……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Compressed clauses: as soon as one action finishes, the next follows with 就.", "exampleChinese": "他下了课就回家。", "exampleEnglish": "He goes home as soon as class is over." }, { "level": 3, "point": "概数表达法2", "pattern": "大概＋数量／相邻数词连用", "categoryChinese": "特殊表达法", "categoryEnglish": "Special ways of saying things", "explanation": "大概 or two adjacent numbers express an approximate amount.", "exampleChinese": "教室里大概有三十个人。", "exampleEnglish": "There are about thirty people in the classroom." }, { "level": 4, "point": "能愿动词“敢”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "敢 means “to dare to”.", "exampleChinese": "我不敢告诉妈妈这件事。", "exampleEnglish": "I dare not tell Mom about this." }, { "level": 4, "point": "指示代词“任何／各／此”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "任何 means “any”, usually reinforced with 都.", "exampleChinese": "任何人都可以参加。", "exampleEnglish": "Anyone can take part." }, { "level": 4, "point": "动量词“趟／场／顿”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Verbal measure words like 趟 count trips or rounds of an action.", "exampleChinese": "我去了一趟银行。", "exampleEnglish": "I made a trip to the bank." }, { "level": 4, "point": "程度副词“十分”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "十分 means “very, fully” (a formal “extremely”).", "exampleChinese": "他对这次考试十分满意。", "exampleEnglish": "He is very satisfied with this exam." }, { "level": 4, "point": "范围副词“至少”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "至少 means “at least”.", "exampleChinese": "从这儿到机场至少要一个小时。", "exampleEnglish": "It takes at least an hour from here to the airport." }, { "level": 4, "point": "时间副词“从来”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "从来 with negation means “never (up to now)”.", "exampleChinese": "他从来不迟到。", "exampleEnglish": "He is never late." }, { "level": 4, "point": "频率副词“重新”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "重新 means “anew, all over again”.", "exampleChinese": "这篇文章我要重新写一遍。", "exampleEnglish": "I will rewrite this article from scratch." }, { "level": 4, "point": "方式副词“互相”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "互相 means “mutually, each other”.", "exampleChinese": "同学们应该互相帮助。", "exampleEnglish": "Classmates should help each other." }, { "level": 4, "point": "关联副词“却”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "却 marks an unexpected contrast: “yet, however”.", "exampleChinese": "他答应来，却没有来。", "exampleEnglish": "He promised to come, yet he did not." }, { "level": 4, "point": "情态副词“恐怕／也许”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "恐怕 means “I am afraid that…”, marking a worried guess.", "exampleChinese": "恐怕明天要下雨。", "exampleEnglish": "I am afraid it will rain tomorrow." }, { "level": 4, "point": "语气副词“竟然”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "竟然 marks surprise: “unexpectedly, to my surprise”.", "exampleChinese": "他竟然忘了自己的生日。", "exampleEnglish": "He actually forgot his own birthday." }, { "level": 4, "point": "介词“随着”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "随着 means “along with, as (something changes)”.", "exampleChinese": "随着时间过去，他习惯了这里的生活。", "exampleEnglish": "As time passed, he got used to life here." }, { "level": 4, "point": "介词“由”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "由 introduces the agent responsible: “to be done by…”.", "exampleChinese": "这件事由我来负责。", "exampleEnglish": "I will be responsible for this matter." }, { "level": 4, "point": "介词“对于”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "对于 introduces the object of an attitude or comment: “regarding”.", "exampleChinese": "对于这个问题，大家的看法不同。", "exampleEnglish": "Regarding this question, people have different views." }, { "level": 4, "point": "介词“按照／按”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "按照 means “according to, in line with”.", "exampleChinese": "请按照老师说的做。", "exampleEnglish": "Please do as the teacher says." }, { "level": 4, "point": "连词“并（且）”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "并且/并 joins verbs or clauses: “and, moreover”.", "exampleChinese": "我同意这个办法，并且愿意帮忙。", "exampleEnglish": "I agree with this plan and am willing to help." }, { "level": 4, "point": "助词“等”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "等 after a list means “and so on, etc.”.", "exampleChinese": "桌子上放着苹果、香蕉等水果。", "exampleEnglish": "On the table are apples, bananas and other fruit." }, { "level": 4, "point": "数词＋形容词＋量词", "pattern": "一大＋量词", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "An adjective can slot between number and measure word: 一大杯, 一大袋.", "exampleChinese": "他买了一大袋水果。", "exampleEnglish": "He bought a big bag of fruit." }, { "level": 4, "point": "四字格“一A一B／有A有B／无A无B”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "Four-character frames like 有说有笑 pack two parallel actions or qualities.", "exampleChinese": "孩子们有说有笑地走进教室。", "exampleEnglish": "The children walked into the classroom talking and laughing." }, { "level": 4, "point": "来得及／来不及", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "来得及/来不及 say whether there is still time to do something.", "exampleChinese": "再不出发就来不及了。", "exampleEnglish": "If we do not leave now, there will be no time." }, { "level": 4, "point": "有的是", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "有的是 means “to have plenty of”.", "exampleChinese": "别着急，我们有的是时间。", "exampleEnglish": "Do not worry; we have plenty of time." }, { "level": 4, "point": "说不定", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "说不定 means “perhaps, you never know”.", "exampleChinese": "你问问他，说不定他知道。", "exampleEnglish": "Ask him; he might just know." }, { "level": 4, "point": "就是说／这就是说", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "就是说 restates something: “that is to say”.", "exampleChinese": "他没回短信，就是说他可能很忙。", "exampleEnglish": "He did not reply, which means he is probably busy." }, { "level": 4, "point": "一＋量词＋比＋一＋量词", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "One-M-比-one-M shows steady change: 一天比一天 “day by day”.", "exampleChinese": "天气一天比一天热。", "exampleEnglish": "The weather is getting hotter day by day." }, { "level": 4, "point": "在……方面", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "在…方面 means “in the area of, as regards”.", "exampleChinese": "在学习方面，他从来不让人担心。", "exampleEnglish": "When it comes to studying, he never worries anyone." }, { "level": 4, "point": "够……的", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "够…的 emphasizes a high degree: “really quite…”.", "exampleChinese": "今天可真够热的。", "exampleEnglish": "It is really quite hot today." }, { "level": 4, "point": "拿……来说", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "拿…来说 means “take… for example”.", "exampleChinese": "拿我们班来说，一半人会游泳。", "exampleEnglish": "Take our class: half the people can swim." }, { "level": 4, "point": "再也不／没……", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "再也 + negation means “never again”.", "exampleChinese": "我再也不想看这部电影了。", "exampleEnglish": "I never want to watch this movie again." }, { "level": 4, "point": "怎么都／也＋不／没……", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "怎么都/也 + negation means “no matter how, just cannot”.", "exampleChinese": "这个门怎么都打不开。", "exampleEnglish": "This door just will not open no matter what." }, { "level": 4, "point": "为了……而……", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "为了 A 而 B: do B for the sake of A.", "exampleChinese": "他为了考上大学而努力学习。", "exampleEnglish": "He studies hard in order to get into university." }, { "level": 4, "point": "X是X（一X是一X／X是X，Y是Y）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "是-frames concede or separate: 能V一点是一点; A是A，B是B.", "exampleChinese": "时间不多了，能多学一点是一点。", "exampleEnglish": "Time is short; every bit more we learn counts." }, { "level": 4, "point": "X也得X，不X也得X／说什么也得X", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "也得-frames insist there is no way around doing something.", "exampleChinese": "这件事你去也得去，不去也得去。", "exampleEnglish": "You must go whether you want to or not." }, { "level": 4, "point": "（没）有什么（好）X的", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "没什么好X的 means “there is nothing worth X-ing about”.", "exampleChinese": "这件事没有什么好担心的。", "exampleEnglish": "There is nothing to worry about in this matter." }, { "level": 4, "point": "X就X（点儿）吧／X就是了", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "就-frames accept something or reassure: “fine, so be it / just do it”.", "exampleChinese": "贵就贵点儿吧，东西好就行。", "exampleEnglish": "If it is expensive, so be it, as long as it is good." }, { "level": 4, "point": "还X呢", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "还X呢 mocks a mismatch between a label and reality.", "exampleChinese": "还大学生呢，这个字都不认识。", "exampleEnglish": "Some university student you are; you do not even know this character." }, { "level": 4, "point": "你X你的（吧）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "你X你的 tells someone to carry on with their own business.", "exampleChinese": "你忙你的吧，我自己来。", "exampleEnglish": "You go on with your work; I will manage myself." }, { "level": 4, "point": "程度补语2", "pattern": "形容词／心理动词＋死了／得厉害", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "死了 after adjectives or feeling verbs means “to death, terribly”.", "exampleChinese": "走了一天，我累死了。", "exampleEnglish": "After walking all day, I am dead tired." }, { "level": 4, "point": "可能补语2", "pattern": "动词＋得／不＋了", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "V得了/V不了 say whether an action is possible or manageable.", "exampleChinese": "这么多菜，我一个人吃不了。", "exampleEnglish": "So much food; I cannot eat it all by myself." }, { "level": 4, "point": "反问句2", "pattern": "难道……吗？", "categoryChinese": "句类", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence types", "explanation": "难道…吗 forms a rhetorical question expressing disbelief.", "exampleChinese": "难道你忘了吗？", "exampleEnglish": "Do not tell me you forgot?" }, { "level": 4, "point": "“把”字句2", "pattern": "主语＋把＋宾语＋动词＋了／一下／动量补语", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "Extended 把 patterns with 了, reduplication, or measure complements.", "exampleChinese": "你把这句话再读一遍。", "exampleEnglish": "Read this sentence once more." }, { "level": 4, "point": "被动句2", "pattern": "主语＋叫／让＋宾语＋动词＋其他成分", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "叫/让 mark colloquial passives like 被.", "exampleChinese": "蛋糕让弟弟吃完了。", "exampleEnglish": "The cake was finished off by my little brother." }, { "level": 4, "point": "兼语句2", "pattern": "主语＋使／让＋人＋动词短语", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "Pivotal sentences with 使/让 express causing someone to feel or do something.", "exampleChinese": "这个消息使大家很高兴。", "exampleEnglish": "This news made everyone very happy." }, { "level": 4, "point": "比较句3“A不如B”", "pattern": "A＋不如＋B（＋形容词）", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "不如 means “not as good as / not as … as”.", "exampleChinese": "我的汉语不如他好。", "exampleEnglish": "My Chinese is not as good as his." }, { "level": 4, "point": "跟……相比", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "跟…相比 sets up a comparison: “compared with…”.", "exampleChinese": "跟去年相比，今年冬天冷多了。", "exampleEnglish": "Compared with last year, this winter is much colder." }, { "level": 4, "point": "双重否定句", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "Double negation emphasizes a strong affirmative.", "exampleChinese": "班里没有人不认识他。", "exampleEnglish": "There is no one in the class who does not know him." }, { "level": 4, "point": "并列复句“不是……，而是……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "不是A而是B corrects: “not A but B”.", "exampleChinese": "他不是不想去，而是没有时间。", "exampleEnglish": "It is not that he does not want to go, but that he has no time." }, { "level": 4, "point": "并列复句“既……，又／也……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "既A又B joins two coexisting qualities or actions.", "exampleChinese": "这个房间既干净又安静。", "exampleEnglish": "This room is both clean and quiet." }, { "level": 4, "point": "并列复句“一方面……，另一方面……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "一方面…另一方面… presents two sides of a matter.", "exampleChinese": "他一方面想去，另一方面又怕花钱。", "exampleEnglish": "On one hand he wants to go; on the other he fears spending money." }, { "level": 4, "point": "承接复句“首先……，其次／然后……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "首先…其次/然后… lists steps or points in order.", "exampleChinese": "首先要努力，其次要有好方法。", "exampleEnglish": "First you must work hard; second you need good methods." }, { "level": 4, "point": "承接复句“……，于是……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "于是 links a situation to what happened as a result: “and so”.", "exampleChinese": "外面下雨了，于是我们留在家里。", "exampleEnglish": "It started raining outside, so we stayed home." }, { "level": 4, "point": "递进复句“……，甚至……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "甚至 pushes to an extreme case: “even”.", "exampleChinese": "他忙得甚至忘了吃饭。", "exampleEnglish": "He was so busy he even forgot to eat." }, { "level": 4, "point": "递进复句“不仅／不光……，还／而且……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "不仅…还… means “not only… but also…”.", "exampleChinese": "她不仅会英语，还会汉语。", "exampleEnglish": "She knows not only English but also Chinese." }, { "level": 4, "point": "递进复句“连……也／都……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "连…也/都 highlights an extreme case: “even”.", "exampleChinese": "他忙得连饭都没吃。", "exampleEnglish": "He was so busy he did not even eat." }, { "level": 4, "point": "选择复句“不是……，就是……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "不是A就是B means “if not A, then B - always one of the two”.", "exampleChinese": "他周末不是打球，就是游泳。", "exampleEnglish": "On weekends he is either playing ball or swimming." }, { "level": 4, "point": "转折复句“尽管……，但是／可是……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "尽管 concedes a fact before the contrast: “even though”.", "exampleChinese": "尽管很难，但是他没有放弃。", "exampleEnglish": "Even though it was hard, he did not give up." }, { "level": 4, "point": "转折复句“……，然而……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "然而 is a formal “however”.", "exampleChinese": "他试了很多次，然而都失败了。", "exampleEnglish": "He tried many times; however, he failed every time." }, { "level": 4, "point": "转折复句“……，不过……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "不过 adds a mild reservation: “but, though”.", "exampleChinese": "这个手机不错，不过有点儿贵。", "exampleEnglish": "This phone is good, though a bit expensive." }, { "level": 4, "point": "假设复句“……，否则……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "否则 warns of the alternative: “otherwise”.", "exampleChinese": "快点儿走，否则要迟到了。", "exampleEnglish": "Hurry up, otherwise we will be late." }, { "level": 4, "point": "假设复句“要是……，就……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "要是…就… is a colloquial “if…, then…”.", "exampleChinese": "要是明天天气好，我们就去公园。", "exampleEnglish": "If the weather is good tomorrow, we will go to the park." }, { "level": 4, "point": "条件复句“不管／无论……，都／也……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "不管/无论…都… means “no matter…, still…”.", "exampleChinese": "不管天气怎么样，我们都去。", "exampleEnglish": "No matter what the weather is like, we will go." }, { "level": 4, "point": "因果复句“既然……，就……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "既然…就… draws a conclusion from a given fact: “since…”.", "exampleChinese": "既然你不舒服，就在家休息吧。", "exampleEnglish": "Since you are not feeling well, rest at home." }, { "level": 4, "point": "因果复句“（由于）……，因此……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "因此 states the consequence: “therefore”.", "exampleChinese": "他平时很努力，因此成绩很好。", "exampleEnglish": "He usually works hard; therefore his grades are good." }, { "level": 4, "point": "目的复句“……，好……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "好 introduces the intended purpose: “so that…”.", "exampleChinese": "请把地址写清楚，好让司机找到你。", "exampleEnglish": "Write the address clearly so the driver can find you." }, { "level": 4, "point": "让步复句“即使／就是……，也……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "即使/就是…也… concedes a hypothetical: “even if…”.", "exampleChinese": "即使下雨，我们也要去。", "exampleEnglish": "Even if it rains, we will still go." }, { "level": 4, "point": "紧缩复句“不……也……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Compressed “even without A, B still holds”.", "exampleChinese": "你不说我也知道。", "exampleEnglish": "Even if you do not say it, I still know." }, { "level": 4, "point": "概数表示法3", "pattern": "数词＋来＋量词／大约／左右／前后", "categoryChinese": "特殊表达法", "categoryEnglish": "Special ways of saying things", "explanation": "左右 after an amount, or 数+来+量, expresses “approximately”.", "exampleChinese": "现在是下午五点左右。", "exampleEnglish": "It is around five in the afternoon now." }, { "level": 4, "point": "倍数、分数、百分数的表示法", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "特殊表达法", "categoryEnglish": "Special ways of saying things", "explanation": "倍 expresses multiples: A是B的两倍, 多了一倍.", "exampleChinese": "今年的学生是去年的两倍。", "exampleEnglish": "This year's students are double last year's." }, { "level": 5, "point": "后缀“-头”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "语素", "categoryEnglish": "Word parts", "explanation": "Noun suffix -头 forming everyday nouns (石头, 木头, 念头).", "exampleChinese": "他捡起一块石头扔进了河里。", "exampleEnglish": "He picked up a stone and threw it into the river." }, { "level": 5, "point": "指示代词“彼此、如此、本”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Demonstrative pronouns: 彼此 (each other), 如此 (so/like this), 本 (this/one’s own).", "exampleChinese": "老朋友之间应该彼此信任。", "exampleEnglish": "Old friends should trust each other." }, { "level": 5, "point": "名量词“册、朵、届、颗、匹、行、架、群、支、根、批、束、副、集、周”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Level-5 nominal measure words such as 颗 for small round things.", "exampleChinese": "天上有几颗星星特别亮。", "exampleEnglish": "A few stars in the sky are especially bright." }, { "level": 5, "point": "动量词“眼”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Verbal measure word 眼: a glance (看一眼).", "exampleChinese": "他回头看了我一眼，什么也没说。", "exampleEnglish": "He turned and gave me a glance without saying anything." }, { "level": 5, "point": "程度副词“过于、相当、较、可、格外、极其”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Degree adverbs; 格外 = especially, exceptionally.", "exampleChinese": "下过雨后，空气格外新鲜。", "exampleEnglish": "After the rain, the air is especially fresh." }, { "level": 5, "point": "时间副词“时刻、曾经、立刻、连忙、始终、早已、即将、急忙、渐渐、尽快、早晚”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Time adverbs; 曾经 marks a past experience: once, at some time.", "exampleChinese": "我曾经在上海住过三年。", "exampleEnglish": "I once lived in Shanghai for three years." }, { "level": 5, "point": "频率副词“老是、通常、时常”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Frequency adverbs; 老是 = always, again and again (often complaining).", "exampleChinese": "他上课老是迟到，老师很生气。", "exampleEnglish": "He is always late for class, and the teacher is angry." }, { "level": 5, "point": "方式副词“尽量、亲自”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Manner adverbs; 亲自 = in person, personally.", "exampleChinese": "这件事经理要亲自处理。", "exampleEnglish": "The manager wants to handle this matter personally." }, { "level": 5, "point": "关联副词“便、一旦”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Linking adverbs; 便 = then, thereupon (written equivalent of 就).", "exampleChinese": "他说完便转身离开了。", "exampleEnglish": "As soon as he finished speaking, he turned and left." }, { "level": 5, "point": "情态副词“似乎、仿佛”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Modal adverbs; 似乎 = it seems, apparently.", "exampleChinese": "他似乎不太愿意谈这件事。", "exampleEnglish": "He seems unwilling to talk about this matter." }, { "level": 5, "point": "语气副词“毕竟、居然、反正、根本、果然、简直、绝对、的确、反而、白、刚好、可”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Tone adverbs; 居然 = unexpectedly, to one’s surprise.", "exampleChinese": "他居然忘了自己的生日。", "exampleEnglish": "He actually forgot his own birthday." }, { "level": 5, "point": "介词“自从”（引出时间、处所）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Preposition 自从: ever since (a past starting point).", "exampleChinese": "自从搬到北京，我们很少见面了。", "exampleEnglish": "Since moving to Beijing, we rarely see each other." }, { "level": 5, "point": "介词“朝、沿（着）”（引出方向、路径）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Prepositions of direction/path; 朝 = toward.", "exampleChinese": "他朝我挥了挥手。", "exampleEnglish": "He waved his hand at me." }, { "level": 5, "point": "介词“替、同、较”（引出对象）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Object-introducing prepositions; 替 = for, on behalf of.", "exampleChinese": "你放心去吧，我替你照顾小狗。", "exampleEnglish": "Go without worry; I will look after the puppy for you." }, { "level": 5, "point": "介词“凭、据、依据”（引出凭借、依据）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Prepositions of basis; 凭 = on the basis of, by virtue of.", "exampleChinese": "凭这张票可以免费进入公园。", "exampleEnglish": "With this ticket you can enter the park for free." }, { "level": 5, "point": "连词“以及、同”（连接词或词组）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Conjunctions joining words/phrases; 以及 = as well as.", "exampleChinese": "会议讨论了价格、质量以及服务问题。", "exampleEnglish": "The meeting discussed price, quality, as well as service issues." }, { "level": 5, "point": "连词“从而、可见、假如、总之”（连接分句或句子）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Clause-linking conjunctions; 总之 = in short, anyway.", "exampleChinese": "总之，这次活动办得很成功。", "exampleEnglish": "In short, this event was a great success." }, { "level": 5, "point": "助词“似的”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Particle 似的 after a noun/phrase: like, as if.", "exampleChinese": "他高兴得像个孩子似的。", "exampleEnglish": "He is as happy as a child." }, { "level": 5, "point": "四字格“A来A去”", "pattern": "A来A去", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "V来V去: doing the action back and forth, over and over.", "exampleChinese": "我想来想去，还是决定留下来。", "exampleEnglish": "After thinking it over and over, I decided to stay after all." }, { "level": 5, "point": "四字格“A着A着”", "pattern": "A着A着", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "V着V着: while doing something, another change happens.", "exampleChinese": "她说着说着就哭了。", "exampleEnglish": "As she was talking, she started to cry." }, { "level": 5, "point": "四字格“没A没B”", "pattern": "没A没B", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "没A没B: emphatic negation, e.g. 没完没了 = endless.", "exampleChinese": "他一说起足球就没完没了。", "exampleEnglish": "Once he starts talking about football, he goes on endlessly." }, { "level": 5, "point": "四字格“说A就A”", "pattern": "说A就A", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "说A就A: doing something right away, without hesitation.", "exampleChinese": "他说走就走，谁也拦不住。", "exampleEnglish": "When he says he is leaving, he leaves at once; no one can stop him." }, { "level": 5, "point": "固定短语“不得了”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "不得了: terrible / extraordinary; also exclamation of alarm.", "exampleChinese": "不得了了，火车马上就要开了！", "exampleEnglish": "Oh no, the train is about to leave!" }, { "level": 5, "point": "固定短语“用不着”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "用不着: there is no need to.", "exampleChinese": "这点小事，用不着麻烦别人。", "exampleEnglish": "For such a small matter, there is no need to trouble others." }, { "level": 5, "point": "从……来看", "pattern": "从……来看", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Judging from …, from the perspective of ….", "exampleChinese": "从结果来看，我们的方法是对的。", "exampleEnglish": "Judging from the result, our method was right." }, { "level": 5, "point": "A的A，B的B", "pattern": "A的A，B的B", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Some doing A, others doing B - everyone busy in their own way.", "exampleChinese": "晚会上，大家唱歌的唱歌，跳舞的跳舞。", "exampleEnglish": "At the party, some were singing and some were dancing." }, { "level": 5, "point": "（自）……以来", "pattern": "（自）……以来", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Since … (up to now).", "exampleChinese": "自开学以来，他一次课都没缺过。", "exampleEnglish": "Since the semester started, he has not missed a single class." }, { "level": 5, "point": "由……组成", "pattern": "由……组成", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "To be made up of, composed of ….", "exampleChinese": "我们班由三十个学生组成。", "exampleEnglish": "Our class is made up of thirty students." }, { "level": 5, "point": "X也不是，Y也不是", "pattern": "X也不是，Y也不是", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Neither X nor Y feels right - caught in an awkward dilemma.", "exampleChinese": "他站在门口，进也不是，退也不是。", "exampleEnglish": "He stood at the door - going in felt wrong, and so did backing out." }, { "level": 5, "point": "X也X不得，Y也Y不得", "pattern": "X也X不得，Y也Y不得", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Can neither do X nor do Y - nothing is permissible.", "exampleChinese": "这孩子被惯坏了，说也说不得，碰也碰不得。", "exampleEnglish": "The child is spoiled - you can neither scold him nor touch him." }, { "level": 5, "point": "X是它，Y也是它", "pattern": "X是它，Y也是它", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "It does X and it does Y too - one thing serves every purpose.", "exampleChinese": "查资料是它，付钱也是它，手机什么都能做。", "exampleEnglish": "It looks things up and it pays the bills - the phone does everything." }, { "level": 5, "point": "X着也是X着", "pattern": "X着也是X着", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Since it is idle anyway, might as well put it to use.", "exampleChinese": "闲着也是闲着，我们把房间打扫一下吧。", "exampleEnglish": "We are idle anyway - let’s clean the room." }, { "level": 5, "point": "不管怎样说", "pattern": "不管怎样说", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "No matter what one says; in any case.", "exampleChinese": "不管怎样说，他都是你的亲弟弟。", "exampleEnglish": "No matter what, he is still your own younger brother." }, { "level": 5, "point": "真有你/他/她的", "pattern": "真有你/他/她的", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "You really are something! - admiring (or teasing) praise.", "exampleChinese": "这么难的比赛你都赢了，真有你的！", "exampleEnglish": "You even won such a difficult match - you really are something!" }, { "level": 5, "point": "X什么X", "pattern": "X什么X", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "V什么V: impatient rebuke - stop doing X!", "exampleChinese": "哭什么哭，问题总能解决的。", "exampleEnglish": "Stop crying - the problem can always be solved." }, { "level": 5, "point": "什么X不X（的）", "pattern": "什么X不X（的）", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "什么X不X的: dismissing a concern as irrelevant.", "exampleChinese": "什么贵不贵的，你喜欢就买。", "exampleEnglish": "Never mind whether it is expensive - if you like it, buy it." }, { "level": 5, "point": "不X白不X", "pattern": "不X白不X", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "If you don’t do X, it goes to waste - might as well do it.", "exampleChinese": "这些水果是免费的，不吃白不吃。", "exampleEnglish": "This fruit is free - not eating it would be a waste." }, { "level": 5, "point": "X来X去，都是/就是……", "pattern": "X来X去，都是/就是……", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "After going back and forth, it always comes down to ….", "exampleChinese": "大家说来说去，都是那几个老问题。", "exampleEnglish": "After all the back and forth, it was still the same old problems." }, { "level": 5, "point": "动词+什么（就）是什么", "pattern": "动词+什么（就）是什么", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Whatever one V-s counts - that person/thing decides.", "exampleChinese": "这家小店没有菜单，老板做什么就是什么。", "exampleEnglish": "This little shop has no menu - whatever the owner cooks is what you get." }, { "level": 5, "point": "多项状语", "pattern": "时间+处所+方式……+动词", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "Ordering multiple adverbials: time before place before manner.", "exampleChinese": "他昨天在图书馆认真地复习了一天。", "exampleEnglish": "Yesterday he reviewed earnestly in the library all day." }, { "level": 5, "point": "可能补语“动词+得/不得”", "pattern": "动词+得/不得", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "V不得: the action must not / cannot be done.", "exampleChinese": "学习是慢功夫，急不得。", "exampleEnglish": "Learning takes time; you must not rush it." }, { "level": 5, "point": "程度补语“形容词/心理动词+得+不得了”", "pattern": "形容词/心理动词+得+不得了", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "Adj/psych-verb + 得不得了: to an extreme degree.", "exampleChinese": "听说能去旅游，孩子们高兴得不得了。", "exampleEnglish": "Hearing they could go traveling, the children were overjoyed." }, { "level": 5, "point": "趋向补语的引申用法（下来/下去/起来/过来/过去）", "pattern": "动词/形容词+下来/下去/起来/过来/过去", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "Directional complements extended to states, e.g. 下来 = settling into a state.", "exampleChinese": "老师进来后，教室里安静下来。", "exampleEnglish": "After the teacher came in, the classroom quieted down." }, { "level": 5, "point": "状态补语“动词/形容词+得+短语”", "pattern": "动词/形容词+得+动词短语/主谓短语/固定短语", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "V/Adj + 得 + phrase describing the resulting state.", "exampleChinese": "他忙得连饭都忘了吃。", "exampleEnglish": "He was so busy that he even forgot to eat." }, { "level": 5, "point": "“有”字句3", "pattern": "主语+有+着+宾语；主语+动词+有+宾语", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "有着 expressing possession/existence with emphasis; V+有 for attachment.", "exampleChinese": "这座城市有着一千多年的历史。", "exampleEnglish": "This city has a history of more than a thousand years." }, { "level": 5, "point": "“把”字句3", "pattern": "主语+把+宾语+一+动词；主语+把+宾语1+动词+宾语2", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "把-sentence with 一+V for abrupt action, or with a second object.", "exampleChinese": "他把书包一放，就跑出去玩了。", "exampleEnglish": "He plunked down his schoolbag and ran out to play." }, { "level": 5, "point": "连动句3", "pattern": "动词短语1+动词短语2（因果/转折/条件关系）", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "Serial-verb sentence where the two verb phrases are linked by cause, contrast or condition.", "exampleChinese": "大家听了这个笑话都笑了。", "exampleEnglish": "Everyone laughed on hearing this joke." }, { "level": 5, "point": "比较句4", "pattern": "A+形容词+B+数量补语", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "Comparison without 比: A Adj B by amount, e.g. 大我三岁.", "exampleChinese": "姐姐大我三岁，从小就照顾我。", "exampleEnglish": "My older sister is three years older than me and has looked after me since childhood." }, { "level": 5, "point": "被动句3", "pattern": "主语+被/叫/让+宾语+给+动词+其他成分", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "Passive with 被/叫/让 … 给 before the verb.", "exampleChinese": "我的自行车叫弟弟给骑走了。", "exampleEnglish": "My bike was ridden off by my younger brother." }, { "level": 5, "point": "承接复句“……，便……”", "pattern": "……，便……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Sequential clauses linked by 便 (then).", "exampleChinese": "他下了课，便急急忙忙赶回家了。", "exampleEnglish": "As soon as class ended, he hurried home." }, { "level": 5, "point": "选择复句“或是……，或是……”", "pattern": "或是……，或是……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Alternative clauses: either … or ….", "exampleChinese": "周末他或是看书，或是去爬山。", "exampleEnglish": "On weekends he either reads or goes hiking." }, { "level": 5, "point": "假设复句“一旦……，就……”", "pattern": "一旦……，就……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Once … happens, then ….", "exampleChinese": "一旦下定决心，就不要轻易放弃。", "exampleEnglish": "Once you have made up your mind, do not give up lightly." }, { "level": 5, "point": "假设复句“假如……，（就）……”", "pattern": "假如……，（就）……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "If … (hypothetical), then ….", "exampleChinese": "假如明天不下雨，我们就去公园。", "exampleEnglish": "If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go to the park." }, { "level": 5, "point": "假设复句“万一……，（就）……”", "pattern": "万一……，（就）……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "In case … (unlikely bad event), then ….", "exampleChinese": "万一路上堵车，你就打车来吧。", "exampleEnglish": "In case there is a traffic jam, just take a taxi." }, { "level": 5, "point": "假设复句“……，要不然/不然……”", "pattern": "……，要不然/不然……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "… otherwise ….", "exampleChinese": "快点儿出发吧，要不然就赶不上火车了。", "exampleEnglish": "Let’s set off quickly, otherwise we will miss the train." }, { "level": 5, "point": "因果复句“……，因而……”", "pattern": "……，因而……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "… and as a result / therefore ….", "exampleChinese": "他平时练习很多，因而进步很快。", "exampleEnglish": "He practices a lot, and therefore improves quickly." }, { "level": 5, "point": "因果复句“……，可见……”", "pattern": "……，可见……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "… from which one can see that ….", "exampleChinese": "他连周末都在学习，可见有多努力。", "exampleEnglish": "He studies even on weekends - you can see how hard-working he is." }, { "level": 5, "point": "让步复句“哪怕……，也……”", "pattern": "哪怕……，也……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Even if …, still ….", "exampleChinese": "哪怕只有一点儿希望，我们也要努力。", "exampleEnglish": "Even if there is only a little hope, we must still try hard." }, { "level": 5, "point": "递进复句“不但不/不但没有……，反而……”", "pattern": "不但不/不但没有……，反而……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Not only not …, but on the contrary ….", "exampleChinese": "吃了药，病不但没有好，反而更重了。", "exampleEnglish": "After taking the medicine, the illness not only did not improve but got worse." }, { "level": 5, "point": "递进复句“不是……，还/还是……”", "pattern": "不是……，还/还是……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Instead of …, (even) went further and ….", "exampleChinese": "他不是来帮忙，还给大家添了不少麻烦。", "exampleEnglish": "Instead of coming to help, he caused everyone a lot of trouble." }, { "level": 5, "point": "目的复句“……，为的是……”", "pattern": "……，为的是……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "… for the purpose of ….", "exampleChinese": "他每天早起跑步，为的是身体健康。", "exampleEnglish": "He gets up early to run every day for the sake of his health." }, { "level": 5, "point": "紧缩复句“没有……就没有……”", "pattern": "没有……就没有……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Without … there would be no ….", "exampleChinese": "没有大家的帮助，就没有我今天的成绩。", "exampleEnglish": "Without everyone’s help, I would not have today’s results." }, { "level": 5, "point": "紧缩复句“不……不……”", "pattern": "不……不……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Condensed conditional: if not …, then not ….", "exampleChinese": "他不做完作业不睡觉。", "exampleEnglish": "He will not sleep until he finishes his homework." }, { "level": 5, "point": "紧缩复句“再……也……”", "pattern": "再……也……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "No matter how …, still ….", "exampleChinese": "天气再热，他也不开空调。", "exampleEnglish": "No matter how hot it gets, he still will not turn on the air conditioner." }, { "level": 6, "point": "类前缀“超-、多-、反-、无-、亚-、准-”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "语素", "categoryEnglish": "Word parts", "explanation": "Productive prefixes; 超- = super-, ultra-.", "exampleChinese": "这家店专卖超低价的日用品。", "exampleEnglish": "This shop specializes in ultra-low-priced daily goods." }, { "level": 6, "point": "类后缀“-化、-式、-型、-性”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "语素", "categoryEnglish": "Word parts", "explanation": "Productive suffixes; -化 = -ize/-ification.", "exampleChinese": "近几年，农村的生活越来越现代化了。", "exampleEnglish": "In recent years, rural life has become more and more modernized." }, { "level": 6, "point": "人称代词“人家”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "人家: others / that person / I (coy self-reference).", "exampleChinese": "人家都开始复习了，你还在玩。", "exampleEnglish": "Everyone else has started reviewing, and you are still playing." }, { "level": 6, "point": "名量词“串、滴、枝、扇、卷”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Level-6 nominal measure words; 串 = a string/bunch of.", "exampleChinese": "他买了一串葡萄和两串香蕉。", "exampleEnglish": "He bought a bunch of grapes and two bunches of bananas." }, { "level": 6, "point": "动量词“番”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Verbal measure word 番: a round/bout of effortful action.", "exampleChinese": "经过一番努力，他终于考上了大学。", "exampleEnglish": "After a good deal of effort, he finally got into university." }, { "level": 6, "point": "程度副词“特、异常、较为”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Degree adverbs; 异常 = unusually, exceptionally.", "exampleChinese": "听到这个消息，他显得异常激动。", "exampleEnglish": "On hearing the news, he seemed unusually agitated." }, { "level": 6, "point": "范围副词“净、一同、大都”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Scope adverbs; 净 = nothing but, only.", "exampleChinese": "你怎么净说些让人生气的话？", "exampleEnglish": "Why do you say nothing but infuriating things?" }, { "level": 6, "point": "时间副词“一时、不时、仍旧、依旧、一向”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Time adverbs; 依旧 = still, as before.", "exampleChinese": "十年过去了，小镇依旧那么安静。", "exampleEnglish": "Ten years on, the small town is as quiet as ever." }, { "level": 6, "point": "频率副词“一再、再三”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Frequency adverbs; 再三 = again and again, repeatedly.", "exampleChinese": "出门前，妈妈再三提醒我带伞。", "exampleEnglish": "Before I left, Mom reminded me again and again to take an umbrella." }, { "level": 6, "point": "方式副词“不禁、赶忙、特地、特意、偷偷”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Manner adverbs; 不禁 = cannot help but.", "exampleChinese": "看到儿时的照片，她不禁笑了。", "exampleEnglish": "Seeing her childhood photos, she could not help smiling." }, { "level": 6, "point": "否定副词“未必”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "未必: not necessarily.", "exampleChinese": "贵的东西未必就是好的。", "exampleEnglish": "Expensive things are not necessarily good." }, { "level": 6, "point": "语气副词“恰好、倒是、干脆、明明、总算”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Tone adverbs; 明明 = clearly, obviously (contradicting).", "exampleChinese": "你明明知道答案，为什么不说？", "exampleEnglish": "You clearly know the answer - why not say it?" }, { "level": 6, "point": "介词“于”（引出时间、处所）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Formal preposition 于: at/in/on (time or place).", "exampleChinese": "这座大桥建于上个世纪五十年代。", "exampleEnglish": "This bridge was built in the 1950s." }, { "level": 6, "point": "介词“至于”（引出对象）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "至于: as for, as to (shifting topic).", "exampleChinese": "我先报名，至于去不去，以后再说。", "exampleEnglish": "I will sign up first; as for whether I go, we will see later." }, { "level": 6, "point": "介词“因”（引出目的、原因）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Formal preposition 因: because of, due to.", "exampleChinese": "航班因大雾推迟了两个小时。", "exampleEnglish": "The flight was delayed two hours due to heavy fog." }, { "level": 6, "point": "介词“除”（表示排除）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "除 (…外/之外): except for, apart from.", "exampleChinese": "除周末外，他每天都去健身房。", "exampleEnglish": "Except on weekends, he goes to the gym every day." }, { "level": 6, "point": "连词“不料”（连接分句或句子）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "不料: unexpectedly, who would have thought.", "exampleChinese": "我以为他会答应，不料他一口拒绝了。", "exampleEnglish": "I thought he would agree; unexpectedly, he refused outright." }, { "level": 6, "point": "结构助词“所”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Structural particle 所 before a verb forming a nominal: that which is V-ed.", "exampleChinese": "他所说的一切后来都得到了证实。", "exampleEnglish": "Everything he said was later confirmed." }, { "level": 6, "point": "语气助词“啦、嘛”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Sentence-final particles; 嘛 marks obviousness or mild urging.", "exampleChinese": "有意见就直接提嘛，别放在心里。", "exampleEnglish": "If you have objections, just raise them - don’t keep them inside." }, { "level": 6, "point": "其他助词“也好”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "X也好，Y也好: whether X or Y, it makes no difference.", "exampleChinese": "同意也好，反对也好，请先听我说完。", "exampleEnglish": "Whether you agree or object, please hear me out first." }, { "level": 6, "point": "四字格“A这A那”", "pattern": "A这A那", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "V这V那: fussily doing the action to this and that.", "exampleChinese": "她买衣服总是挑这挑那，半天定不下来。", "exampleEnglish": "When buying clothes she picks at this and that and cannot decide for ages." }, { "level": 6, "point": "四字格“左A右B”", "pattern": "左A右B", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "左A右B: doing the action repeatedly from all sides, e.g. 左思右想.", "exampleChinese": "他左思右想，还是觉得这事不对劲。", "exampleEnglish": "He turned it over and over in his mind and still felt something was off." }, { "level": 6, "point": "固定短语“好（不）容易”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "好（不）容易: only with great difficulty (both forms mean the same).", "exampleChinese": "我排了两个小时队，好不容易才买到票。", "exampleEnglish": "I queued for two hours and finally managed to buy a ticket." }, { "level": 6, "point": "固定短语“那倒（也）是”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "那倒（也）是: “that’s true, actually” - conceding a point.", "exampleChinese": "“坐高铁比开车快多了。”“那倒是。”", "exampleEnglish": "“Taking the high-speed train is much faster than driving.” “That’s true.”" }, { "level": 6, "point": "固定短语“算了”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "算了: forget it, let it go.", "exampleChinese": "他不愿意去就算了，咱们别勉强。", "exampleEnglish": "If he does not want to go, forget it - let’s not force him." }, { "level": 6, "point": "固定短语“得了”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "Sentence-final 得了: just do X and be done with it.", "exampleChinese": "别纠结了，就买这件得了。", "exampleEnglish": "Stop agonizing - just buy this one and be done with it." }, { "level": 6, "point": "A一+量词，B一+量词", "pattern": "A一+量词，B一+量词", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "One from A, one from B - many people chiming in by turns.", "exampleChinese": "会上大家你一句，我一句，讨论得十分热烈。", "exampleEnglish": "At the meeting everyone chimed in one after another, and the discussion was lively." }, { "level": 6, "point": "东一A，西一A", "pattern": "东一A，西一A", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "One here, one there - scattered in disorder.", "exampleChinese": "屋里衣服东一件，西一件，乱得下不去脚。", "exampleEnglish": "Clothes lay scattered here and there in the room; there was nowhere to step." }, { "level": 6, "point": "到……为止", "pattern": "到……为止", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Up until …; ending at ….", "exampleChinese": "到目前为止，报名的人已经超过一百了。", "exampleEnglish": "Up to now, more than a hundred people have signed up." }, { "level": 6, "point": "X到Y头上来了", "pattern": "X到Y头上来了", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "The trouble/action has come down on Y’s head.", "exampleChinese": "他居然把主意打到我头上来了。", "exampleEnglish": "He actually set his sights on me." }, { "level": 6, "point": "不X不……，一X……", "pattern": "不X不……，一X……", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "You don’t know until you X - and when you do, it’s a shock.", "exampleChinese": "不看不知道，一看吓一跳，这个月竟花了一万块。", "exampleEnglish": "I had no idea until I looked - and what a shock: ten thousand yuan spent this month." }, { "level": 6, "point": "好你个X", "pattern": "好你个X", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Why, you …! - mock-angry exclamation at someone.", "exampleChinese": "好你个小张，偷偷把我的零食吃光了！", "exampleEnglish": "Why, you little Zhang - you secretly ate up all my snacks!" }, { "level": 6, "point": "早（也）不X，晚（也）不X", "pattern": "早（也）不X，晚（也）不X", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Of all times, it had to happen right now.", "exampleChinese": "电梯早不坏，晚不坏，偏偏上班时坏了。", "exampleEnglish": "The elevator did not break earlier or later - it had to break right at rush hour." }, { "level": 6, "point": "看/瞧+把+宾语（施事）+X得", "pattern": "看/瞧+把+宾语+X得", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Look how X-ed you are! - teasing comment on someone’s state.", "exampleChinese": "瞧把你高兴得，不就是赢了一盘棋吗？", "exampleEnglish": "Look how pleased you are - it was only one game of chess!" }, { "level": 6, "point": "放着X不Y", "pattern": "放着X不Y", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "To leave the obvious good option X aside and not do Y with it.", "exampleChinese": "放着近路不走，你偏要绕远。", "exampleEnglish": "With a shortcut right there, you insist on going the long way." }, { "level": 6, "point": "X了就X了，（没）有……", "pattern": "X了就X了，（没）有……", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "What’s done is done - no use dwelling on it.", "exampleChinese": "杯子碎了就碎了，没有什么大不了的。", "exampleEnglish": "The cup is broken - so be it; it is no big deal." }, { "level": 6, "point": "这/那也不X，那/这也不Y", "pattern": "这/那也不X，那/这也不Y", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Unhappy with this and that alike - impossible to please.", "exampleChinese": "他这也不吃，那也不吃，真难伺候。", "exampleEnglish": "He will not eat this and will not eat that - so hard to please." }, { "level": 6, "point": "X归X，Y归Y", "pattern": "X归X，Y归Y", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "X is one thing, Y is another - keep them separate.", "exampleChinese": "工作归工作，生活归生活，得分开。", "exampleEnglish": "Work is work and life is life - they must be kept apart." }, { "level": 6, "point": "看你X的/瞧他X的", "pattern": "看你X的/瞧他X的", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Look at you, all X! - teasing or deflecting remark.", "exampleChinese": "看你急的，先坐下喝口水慢慢说。", "exampleEnglish": "Look how worked up you are - sit down, have some water, and tell me slowly." }, { "level": 6, "point": "程度补语“动词/形容词+透+了”", "pattern": "动词/形容词+透+了", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "V/Adj + 透了: thoroughly, to the utmost (usually negative).", "exampleChinese": "连着加了一个星期班，他烦透了。", "exampleEnglish": "After a whole week of overtime, he was utterly fed up." }, { "level": 6, "point": "“把”字句4", "pattern": "主语（非生物体）+把+宾语+动词+其他成分；主语+把+宾语（施事）+动词+其他成分", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "把-sentence with an inanimate subject, or whose object is the agent of the result.", "exampleChinese": "一场大风把院子里的花全刮倒了。", "exampleEnglish": "A strong wind blew down all the flowers in the yard." }, { "level": 6, "point": "并列复句“一时……一时……”", "pattern": "一时……一时……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Now …, now … - alternating states.", "exampleChinese": "山里的天气一时晴，一时雨，说变就变。", "exampleEnglish": "The mountain weather is now sunny, now rainy - it changes in an instant." }, { "level": 6, "point": "选择复句“要么……，要么……”", "pattern": "要么……，要么……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Either … or … (exclusive choice).", "exampleChinese": "周末他要么在家看书，要么去郊外爬山。", "exampleEnglish": "On weekends he either reads at home or hikes in the outskirts." }, { "level": 6, "point": "转折复句“虽……，但/可/却/也……”", "pattern": "虽……，但/可/却/也……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Although … (written 虽), yet ….", "exampleChinese": "房间虽小，却收拾得干净整齐。", "exampleEnglish": "Though the room is small, it is kept clean and tidy." }, { "level": 6, "point": "条件复句“凡是……，都……”", "pattern": "凡是……，都……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "All that … invariably ….", "exampleChinese": "凡是他答应过的事，都会做到。", "exampleEnglish": "Whatever he has promised, he will do." }, { "level": 6, "point": "条件复句“除非……，才……”", "pattern": "除非……，才……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Only if … will ….", "exampleChinese": "除非亲眼看见，他才肯相信。", "exampleEnglish": "Only if he sees it with his own eyes will he believe it." }, { "level": 6, "point": "条件复句“除非……，否则/不然……”", "pattern": "除非……，否则/不然……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Unless …, otherwise ….", "exampleChinese": "除非提前预订，否则周末根本没有位子。", "exampleEnglish": "Unless you book ahead, there are simply no seats on weekends." }, { "level": 6, "point": "让步复句“就算……，也……”", "pattern": "就算……，也……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Even if …, still ….", "exampleChinese": "就算再忙，也要按时吃饭。", "exampleEnglish": "Even at your busiest, you should still eat on time." }, { "level": 6, "point": "目的复句“……，以便……”", "pattern": "……，以便……", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "… so as to, in order to (facilitate) ….", "exampleChinese": "请留下电话号码，以便我们及时联系您。", "exampleEnglish": "Please leave your phone number so that we can contact you promptly." }, { "level": 7, "point": "类前缀\"后-、亲-\"", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "语素", "categoryEnglish": "Word parts", "explanation": "Prefix-like morphemes: 后- \"post-\" (后疫情) and 亲- \"pro-\" (亲环境) coin new nouns and adjectives.", "exampleChinese": "后疫情时代，远程办公已成为常态。", "exampleEnglish": "In the post-pandemic era, remote work has become the norm." }, { "level": 7, "point": "类后缀\"-观、-鬼、-界、-然、-坛、-为、-制\"", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "语素", "categoryEnglish": "Word parts", "explanation": "Suffix-like morphemes productively form abstract nouns: 价值观, 学术界, 体坛, 终身制, 胆小鬼.", "exampleChinese": "这一发现震动了整个学术界。", "exampleEnglish": "This discovery shook the entire academic world." }, { "level": 7, "point": "动词\"恨不得/巴不得\"", "pattern": "恨不得/巴不得+动词短语", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Expresses an intense, often unrealizable eagerness: \"to itch to, to wish one could\".", "exampleChinese": "他恨不得立刻飞回家乡看望母亲。", "exampleEnglish": "He wished he could fly home at once to see his mother." }, { "level": 7, "point": "动词\"免不了/犯不着/犯得着\"", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "免不了 \"cannot avoid\"; 犯不着/犯得着 \"not worth / worth the trouble of\".", "exampleChinese": "为这点小事生气，实在犯不着。", "exampleEnglish": "It is really not worth getting angry over such a trifle." }, { "level": 7, "point": "动词\"并非\"", "pattern": "并非+名词/小句", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Formal emphatic negation: \"is by no means, is not at all\".", "exampleChinese": "成功并非偶然，而是长期积累的结果。", "exampleEnglish": "Success is by no means accidental; it is the fruit of long accumulation." }, { "level": 7, "point": "动词\"可谓\"", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Formal evaluative verb: \"may well be called, can be described as\".", "exampleChinese": "这场演出可谓精彩绝伦。", "exampleEnglish": "This performance can well be called spectacular." }, { "level": 7, "point": "动词\"所谓\"", "pattern": "所谓（的）+名词", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "\"So-called\": quotes or distances the speaker from a label.", "exampleChinese": "那些所谓的捷径往往暗藏风险。", "exampleEnglish": "Those so-called shortcuts often conceal risks." }, { "level": 7, "point": "动词\"有所\"", "pattern": "有所+双音节动词", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Formal \"to some extent\": 有所 + bisyllabic verb marks measured change.", "exampleChinese": "与去年相比，公司业绩有所增长。", "exampleEnglish": "Compared with last year, company performance has grown somewhat." }, { "level": 7, "point": "动词\"予以\"", "pattern": "予以+双音节动词", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Formal \"to give, to grant (a treatment)\": common in official writing.", "exampleChinese": "对违规行为，监管部门将予以处罚。", "exampleEnglish": "Regulators will impose penalties on violations." }, { "level": 7, "point": "动词\"可否\"", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Formal \"whether or not it is possible\", often in polite requests.", "exampleChinese": "可否请您再详细说明一下？", "exampleEnglish": "Might I ask you to explain in a little more detail?" }, { "level": 7, "point": "动词\"除外\"", "pattern": "……除外", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "\"Excepted, excluded\": placed after the item that is excluded.", "exampleChinese": "展馆全年开放，法定节假日除外。", "exampleEnglish": "The hall is open year-round, statutory holidays excepted." }, { "level": 7, "point": "文言代词\"何/彼/兹\"", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Literary pronouns: 何 \"what/why\", 彼 \"that/the other\", 兹 \"this\" - formal written register.", "exampleChinese": "此事该从何说起，他一时语塞。", "exampleEnglish": "Where to even begin with this - he was momentarily at a loss." }, { "level": 7, "point": "代词\"这么着/怎么着\"", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Colloquial pro-forms standing in for a manner or action: \"like this / do what\".", "exampleChinese": "你到底想怎么着，痛快点说吧。", "exampleEnglish": "What exactly do you want? Out with it." }, { "level": 7, "point": "数量代词\"若干\"", "pattern": "若干+（量词）+名词", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Formal indefinite quantity: \"a certain number of, several\".", "exampleChinese": "报告最后提出了若干条建议。", "exampleEnglish": "The report closes with a number of recommendations." }, { "level": 7, "point": "名量词：重、截、缕、码、枚、摊、丸、则、幢、宗", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Advanced nominal classifiers; 枚 counts small objects such as coins, medals, stamps.", "exampleChinese": "她在世锦赛上摘得两枚金牌。", "exampleEnglish": "She took two gold medals at the world championships." }, { "level": 7, "point": "动量词\"通\"", "pattern": "动词+了+（一）通", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Verbal classifier for a bout of scolding, phoning, drumming, etc.", "exampleChinese": "他把儿子狠狠训了一通。", "exampleEnglish": "He gave his son a good telling-off." }, { "level": 7, "point": "复合量词\"人次\"", "pattern": "数词+人次", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Compound classifier \"person-times\", counting cumulative visits or uses.", "exampleChinese": "该展览累计接待观众逾百万人次。", "exampleEnglish": "The exhibition has received over a million visits in total." }, { "level": 7, "point": "程度副词：尤为、分外、颇、愈加、越发等", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Written-register degree adverbs: 尤为 \"especially\", 颇 \"quite\", 愈加/越发 \"increasingly\".", "exampleChinese": "在众多参赛作品中，这一幅尤为出色。", "exampleEnglish": "Among the many entries, this one is especially outstanding." }, { "level": 7, "point": "范围副词：皆、均、唯、统统、一概等", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Formal scope adverbs: 均/皆 \"all without exception\", 唯 \"only\", 一概 \"categorically\".", "exampleChinese": "双方均对谈判结果表示满意。", "exampleEnglish": "Both sides expressed satisfaction with the outcome of the talks." }, { "level": 7, "point": "时间副词：届时、尚、随即、历来、一经等", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Formal time adverbs: 届时 \"at that (future) time\", 尚 \"still\", 随即 \"right after\".", "exampleChinese": "决赛下月举行，届时强手云集。", "exampleEnglish": "The final is next month; strong contenders will gather then." }, { "level": 7, "point": "频率副词：屡次、屡屡、时而、相继、再度等", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Frequency adverbs of formal register: 屡次/屡屡 \"repeatedly\", 相继 \"one after another\", 再度 \"once again\".", "exampleChinese": "他屡次打破全国纪录。", "exampleEnglish": "He has repeatedly broken the national record." }, { "level": 7, "point": "方式副词：毅然、擅自、竭力、骤然、逐一等", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Manner adverbs: 毅然 \"resolutely\", 擅自 \"without authorization\", 竭力 \"with all one’s might\".", "exampleChinese": "他放弃高薪，毅然回乡创业。", "exampleEnglish": "He gave up a high salary and resolutely went home to start a business." }, { "level": 7, "point": "否定副词：不见得、绝不、无从、无须、勿", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Negation adverbs: 无从 \"have no way to\", 无须 \"need not\", 勿 \"do not (literary)\".", "exampleChinese": "年代久远，传闻已无从考证。", "exampleEnglish": "So long ago, the rumor can no longer be verified." }, { "level": 7, "point": "语气副词：不妨、索性、势必、未免、偏偏等", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Modal adverbs: 索性 \"might as well, simply\", 不妨 \"no harm in\", 势必 \"be bound to\".", "exampleChinese": "既然睡不着，他索性起身看书。", "exampleEnglish": "Unable to sleep, he simply got up to read." }, { "level": 7, "point": "语气副词\"何必/何尝/何不/何苦\"", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Rhetorical 何-series adverbs: 何必 \"why bother\", 何尝 \"when ever did\", 何苦 \"why go to the trouble\".", "exampleChinese": "都是多年同事，何必斤斤计较？", "exampleEnglish": "You are colleagues of many years - why haggle over trifles?" }, { "level": 7, "point": "判断副词\"乃\"", "pattern": "A乃B", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Literary copular adverb: \"is precisely, is indeed\".", "exampleChinese": "失败乃成功之母。", "exampleEnglish": "Failure is the mother of success." }, { "level": 7, "point": "介词\"打\"（引出时间、处所）", "pattern": "打+时间/处所", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Colloquial preposition \"from (a time or place)\", equivalent to 从.", "exampleChinese": "打这儿往北走，就是老城区。", "exampleEnglish": "Head north from here and you reach the old town." }, { "level": 7, "point": "介词\"当着/就\"（引出对象）", "pattern": "当着+人+的面", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "当着 \"in the presence of\"; 就 \"with regard to\" - introduce the target of an act or comment.", "exampleChinese": "他当着全组同事的面承认了失误。", "exampleEnglish": "He admitted the mistake in front of the whole team." }, { "level": 7, "point": "介词\"本着/基于/鉴于/经/依\"（引出凭借、依据）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Formal prepositions of basis: 本着 \"in the spirit of\", 基于/鉴于 \"based on / in view of\", 经 \"through\", 依 \"according to\".", "exampleChinese": "基于以上数据，我们得出如下结论。", "exampleEnglish": "Based on the data above, we draw the following conclusion." }, { "level": 7, "point": "连词\"若/倘若\"", "pattern": "倘若……，（就）……", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Formal hypothetical conjunctions: \"if, supposing that\".", "exampleChinese": "倘若明天下雨，开幕式将改期。", "exampleEnglish": "Should it rain tomorrow, the opening ceremony will be rescheduled." }, { "level": 7, "point": "连词\"免得/以防\"", "pattern": "……，免得/以防……", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Preventive conjunctions: \"so as to avoid / to guard against\".", "exampleChinese": "出发前再核对一遍名单，免得出错。", "exampleEnglish": "Check the list once more before leaving, to avoid mistakes." }, { "level": 7, "point": "连词\"况且/加之/乃至/且\"", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Additive conjunctions: 况且 \"moreover\", 加之 \"in addition\", 乃至 \"and even\", 且 \"and (literary)\".", "exampleChinese": "时间尚早，况且路也不远，不必慌张。", "exampleEnglish": "It is still early, and besides, it is not far - no need to panic." }, { "level": 7, "point": "语气助词\"矣/罢了/也罢\"", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Sentence-final particles: literary 矣 marks completion or exclamation; 罢了 \"that is all\"; 也罢 \"so be it\".", "exampleChinese": "如今再想补救，为时晚矣。", "exampleEnglish": "To try to remedy it now - it is already too late." }, { "level": 7, "point": "四字格\"爱A不A\"", "pattern": "爱A不A", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "Dismissive verb reduplication: \"do A or not, as you please\".", "exampleChinese": "爱信不信，反正我说的都是实话。", "exampleEnglish": "Believe it or not - everything I said is the truth." }, { "level": 7, "point": "四字格\"半A半B/不A不B/非A非B\"", "pattern": "半A半B", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "Four-character frames of mixed or in-between states: 半信半疑, 不慌不忙, 非亲非故.", "exampleChinese": "他对这个说法半信半疑。", "exampleEnglish": "He half believed and half doubted this claim." }, { "level": 7, "point": "四字格\"忽A忽B/时A时B/或A或B/可A可B\"", "pattern": "忽A忽B", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "Alternation frames: 忽冷忽热, 时好时坏, 或多或少, 可有可无.", "exampleChinese": "近来气温忽高忽低，极易感冒。", "exampleEnglish": "Temperatures have swung up and down lately; it is easy to catch cold." }, { "level": 7, "point": "四字格\"东A西B/七A八B/连A带B/自A自B\"", "pattern": "七A八B", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "Coordination frames of disorder or pairing: 东奔西走, 七嘴八舌, 连滚带爬, 自言自语.", "exampleChinese": "会议室里七嘴八舌，久议不决。", "exampleEnglish": "The meeting room buzzed with competing voices, and no decision came." }, { "level": 7, "point": "四字格\"无A不B/无A可B/不A而B\"", "pattern": "无A可B", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "Literary frames: 无微不至, 无家可归, 不劳而获.", "exampleChinese": "谈判破裂，双方已无话可说。", "exampleEnglish": "With talks collapsed, the two sides had nothing left to say." }, { "level": 7, "point": "话语标记：综上所述、总而言之、归根到底等", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "Summing-up discourse markers: \"in summary / all in all / in the final analysis\".", "exampleChinese": "综上所述，本方案切实可行。", "exampleEnglish": "To sum up, this plan is practical and feasible." }, { "level": 7, "point": "话语标记：换句话说、话说回来、退一步说等", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "Reformulating and conceding markers: \"in other words / then again / even granting that\".", "exampleChinese": "他没有明确反对，换句话说，尚有余地。", "exampleEnglish": "He did not object outright; in other words, there is still room." }, { "level": 7, "point": "话语标记：老实说、不瞒你说、说真的等", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "Frankness markers opening a candid remark: \"honestly speaking / to tell the truth\".", "exampleChinese": "老实说，这个结果我并不意外。", "exampleEnglish": "Honestly, this outcome does not surprise me." }, { "level": 7, "point": "X到这个地步/份上", "pattern": "X到这个地步/份上", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"To such a point\": marks an extreme, usually regrettable degree.", "exampleChinese": "事情闹到这个地步，谁也不愿看到。", "exampleEnglish": "Nobody wanted things to come to such a pass." }, { "level": 7, "point": "X得要命/要死", "pattern": "形容词/动词+得要命", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Extreme-degree complement: \"terribly, to death\".", "exampleChinese": "三伏天里，机房闷得要命。", "exampleEnglish": "In the dog days, the server room is stiflingly hot." }, { "level": 7, "point": "X都不/没X", "pattern": "V都不/没V", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Verb-copying emphasis: \"without even V-ing\".", "exampleChinese": "他看都不看就把文件签了。", "exampleEnglish": "He signed the document without so much as a glance." }, { "level": 7, "point": "X就X个Y", "pattern": "X就X个Y", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"If you are going to X, then X thoroughly\": urges doing something wholeheartedly.", "exampleChinese": "要干就干个漂亮，别拖泥带水。", "exampleEnglish": "If you are going to do it, do it brilliantly - no half measures." }, { "level": 7, "point": "X了Y，Y了X", "pattern": "X了Y，Y了X", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Cyclic alternation of two verbs: doing one then the other, on and on.", "exampleChinese": "假期里他吃了睡，睡了吃。", "exampleEnglish": "On holiday he did nothing but eat then sleep, sleep then eat." }, { "level": 7, "point": "X也好，Y也罢", "pattern": "X也好，Y也罢，都……", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"Whether X or Y - either way\": concessive listing of alternatives.", "exampleChinese": "同意也好，反对也罢，请说明理由。", "exampleEnglish": "Agree or object - either way, please give your reasons." }, { "level": 7, "point": "别提（有）多+形容词+了", "pattern": "别提多+形容词+了", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"Indescribably (adjective)\": exclamatory intensifier.", "exampleChinese": "拿到录取通知那天，他别提多高兴了。", "exampleEnglish": "The day the admission letter came, he was indescribably happy." }, { "level": 7, "point": "不亚于……", "pattern": "A不亚于B", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"No less than, second to none compared with\".", "exampleChinese": "她的中文水平不亚于母语者。", "exampleEnglish": "Her Chinese is no worse than a native speaker’s." }, { "level": 7, "point": "不知X是/才好", "pattern": "不知……才好", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"Not know what one should best do/say\": expresses being at a loss.", "exampleChinese": "面对众人的夸奖，她不知说什么才好。", "exampleEnglish": "Faced with everyone’s praise, she did not know what to say." }, { "level": 7, "point": "动不动就……", "pattern": "动不动就+动词短语", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"At the slightest provocation, apt to\": criticizes over-frequent behavior.", "exampleChinese": "他动不动就拿辞职要挟人。", "exampleEnglish": "He threatens to resign at the drop of a hat." }, { "level": 7, "point": "动词+（得）个X", "pattern": "动词+（得/了）个+补语", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "V+个+complement: casual emphatic result, e.g. 输了个彻底, 玩个痛快.", "exampleChinese": "这场球他们输了个彻底。", "exampleEnglish": "They lost that match utterly." }, { "level": 7, "point": "该X（就）X，该Y（就）Y", "pattern": "该X就X，该Y就Y", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"Do X when X is due, do Y when Y is due\": life goes on as it should.", "exampleChinese": "该吃吃，该睡睡，别自己吓自己。", "exampleEnglish": "Eat when you should, sleep when you should - stop scaring yourself." }, { "level": 7, "point": "何至于……", "pattern": "何至于……", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Rhetorical \"how could it have come to…\": things need not have gone this far.", "exampleChinese": "早些体检，何至于拖成大病？", "exampleEnglish": "With earlier checkups, how could it have become so serious?" }, { "level": 7, "point": "仅次于X", "pattern": "A仅次于B", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"Second only to\".", "exampleChinese": "该市经济总量仅次于省会。", "exampleEnglish": "The city’s economic output is second only to the provincial capital’s." }, { "level": 7, "point": "看在X的面子上", "pattern": "看在……的面子上", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"For the sake of, out of consideration for (someone’s face)\".", "exampleChinese": "看在老同学的面子上，这次就算了。", "exampleEnglish": "For an old classmate’s sake, let it go this once." }, { "level": 7, "point": "有/没什么+动词+头儿", "pattern": "有/没什么+V+头儿", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "V+头儿 \"worth of V-ing\": whether something is worth doing.", "exampleChinese": "剧情老套，这部剧没什么看头儿。", "exampleEnglish": "With such a clichéd plot, this show is hardly worth watching." }, { "level": 7, "point": "没什么好+动词+的", "pattern": "没什么好+V+的", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"There is nothing worth V-ing about\": dismisses the need for an action.", "exampleChinese": "事实摆在眼前，没什么好争的。", "exampleEnglish": "The facts are plain - there is nothing to argue about." }, { "level": 7, "point": "莫过于……", "pattern": "……莫过于……", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"Nothing surpasses; the greatest … is\".", "exampleChinese": "人生至乐，莫过于家人平安团聚。", "exampleEnglish": "Life’s greatest joy is nothing other than family safe and reunited." }, { "level": 7, "point": "你说你一个X，……", "pattern": "你说你一个X，……", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Reproachful opener: \"you, of all people - a X - how could you…\".", "exampleChinese": "你说你一个大人，怎么跟孩子计较？", "exampleEnglish": "You, a grown-up - how can you bicker with a child?" }, { "level": 7, "point": "什么A的B的", "pattern": "什么A的B的", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Loose enumeration \"things like A and B and so on\".", "exampleChinese": "什么吃的用的，母亲都备齐了。", "exampleEnglish": "Food, daily necessities and the like - mother prepared it all." }, { "level": 7, "point": "视……而定", "pattern": "视……而定", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"To be decided depending on…\".", "exampleChinese": "是否延期，视天气情况而定。", "exampleEnglish": "Whether to postpone depends on the weather." }, { "level": 7, "point": "谈何……", "pattern": "谈何+双音节词", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Rhetorical \"how can one even speak of…\": far easier said than done.", "exampleChinese": "资金短缺，扩大生产谈何容易。", "exampleEnglish": "With funds short, expanding production is easier said than done." }, { "level": 7, "point": "无非/不过/只是……罢了/而已", "pattern": "无非……罢了/而已", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"Nothing more than… that is all\": downplays significance.", "exampleChinese": "他这样说，无非是想安慰你罢了。", "exampleEnglish": "He said that merely to comfort you, nothing more." }, { "level": 7, "point": "想X之所想，急X之所急", "pattern": "想X之所想，急X之所急", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"Think what X thinks, feel the urgency X feels\": total devotion to someone’s needs.", "exampleChinese": "企业要想用户之所想，急用户之所急。", "exampleEnglish": "A business must think what users think and feel their urgencies." }, { "level": 7, "point": "向……致以……", "pattern": "向……致以……", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Formal formula for extending greetings, thanks or respects.", "exampleChinese": "谨向全体医护人员致以崇高的敬意。", "exampleEnglish": "We extend our highest respects to all medical workers." }, { "level": 7, "point": "要X有/没X，要Y有/没Y", "pattern": "要X有X，要Y有Y", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"Has X when you want X, Y when you want Y\": everything (or nothing) one could ask.", "exampleChinese": "这地方要山有山，要水有水。", "exampleEnglish": "This place has mountains if you want them, and water too." }, { "level": 7, "point": "因……而……", "pattern": "因……而……", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Formal cause frame: \"because of…, therefore…\".", "exampleChinese": "航班因大雾而延误。", "exampleEnglish": "The flight was delayed on account of heavy fog." }, { "level": 7, "point": "有何X", "pattern": "有何+名词", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Formal interrogative \"what … is there\": 有何看法/意见/深意.", "exampleChinese": "此举有何深意，外界众说纷纭。", "exampleEnglish": "What deeper meaning this move carries, opinions vary widely." }, { "level": 7, "point": "（在）……之余", "pattern": "（在）……之余", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "\"In the time left over from…; beyond (doing)…\".", "exampleChinese": "工作之余，他坚持写作。", "exampleEnglish": "Outside of work, he keeps up his writing." }, { "level": 7, "point": "值此……之际，……", "pattern": "值此……之际，……", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "Ceremonial opener: \"on the occasion of…\".", "exampleChinese": "值此建校百年之际，谨致贺忱。", "exampleEnglish": "On the centenary of the school’s founding, we offer congratulations." }, { "level": 7, "point": "比较句\"A+形容词+于/过+B\"", "pattern": "A+形容词+于/过+B", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "Literary comparison with 于/过 after the adjective: 高于, 强过.", "exampleChinese": "今年的销量明显高于去年。", "exampleEnglish": "This year’s sales are clearly higher than last year’s." }, { "level": 7, "point": "一来……，二来……（，三来……）", "pattern": "一来……，二来……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Parallel listing of reasons: \"for one thing…, for another…\".", "exampleChinese": "他搬家一来图上班近，二来图环境好。", "exampleEnglish": "He moved partly for the short commute, partly for the environment." }, { "level": 7, "point": "一则……，二则……（，三则……）", "pattern": "一则……，二则……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Formal enumeration of reasons: \"firstly…, secondly…\".", "exampleChinese": "项目搁浅，一则预算有限，二则人手不足。", "exampleEnglish": "The project stalled: first, the budget was tight; second, staff were short." }, { "level": 7, "point": "所谓……，就是……", "pattern": "所谓……，就是……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Expository definition: \"what is called X is precisely Y\".", "exampleChinese": "所谓终身学习，就是把学习变成习惯。", "exampleEnglish": "So-called lifelong learning means making learning a habit." }, { "level": 7, "point": "或……，或……", "pattern": "或……，或……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Literary alternative listing: \"either… or…; now… now…\".", "exampleChinese": "周末他或读书，或爬山，从不虚度。", "exampleEnglish": "On weekends he reads or hikes, never idling." }, { "level": 7, "point": "宁可/宁愿……，也不……", "pattern": "宁可……，也不……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Preference by sacrifice: \"would rather… than…\".", "exampleChinese": "他宁可通宵加班，也不敷衍了事。", "exampleEnglish": "He would rather work all night than do a slapdash job." }, { "level": 7, "point": "与其……，宁愿/宁可……", "pattern": "与其……，宁可……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Comparative preference: \"rather than…, one would prefer to…\".", "exampleChinese": "与其坐等机会，宁可主动出击。", "exampleEnglish": "Rather than wait for chances, better to take the initiative." }, { "level": 7, "point": "X（倒）是X（了），……", "pattern": "X倒是X（了），……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Concessive echo: \"X it may be, but…\".", "exampleChinese": "东西好倒是好，就是价格偏高。", "exampleEnglish": "Good it certainly is - only the price is on the high side." }, { "level": 7, "point": "别看……，……", "pattern": "别看……，……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "\"Never mind that…; despite appearances…\".", "exampleChinese": "别看他年纪小，主意却不少。", "exampleEnglish": "Never mind his age - he is full of ideas." }, { "level": 7, "point": "虽说……，但/可……", "pattern": "虽说……，但/可……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Colloquial-formal concession: \"though admittedly…, yet…\".", "exampleChinese": "虽说条件艰苦，但大家干劲十足。", "exampleEnglish": "Though conditions are hard, everyone is full of drive." }, { "level": 7, "point": "无论……与否，都……", "pattern": "无论……与否，都……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Unconditional with 与否 \"whether or not\".", "exampleChinese": "无论成功与否，这次尝试都值得。", "exampleEnglish": "Successful or not, the attempt is worthwhile." }, { "level": 7, "point": "凡……（者），均（可）……", "pattern": "凡……者，均（可）……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Formal universal condition: \"whoever/whatever…, all…\".", "exampleChinese": "凡年满十八周岁者，均可报名。", "exampleEnglish": "All who have reached eighteen may register." }, { "level": 7, "point": "假若/假使……，……", "pattern": "假若……，……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Literary hypothesis: \"if, supposing\".", "exampleChinese": "假若当初听劝，何至于此？", "exampleEnglish": "Had he heeded the advice back then, would it have come to this?" }, { "level": 7, "point": "幸亏/幸好……，不然/否则……", "pattern": "幸亏……，不然/否则……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "\"Luckily…, otherwise…\".", "exampleChinese": "幸亏出门早，不然就误了高铁。", "exampleEnglish": "Luckily we left early, or we would have missed the train." }, { "level": 7, "point": "纵然/纵使……，也……", "pattern": "纵然……，也……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Literary concession: \"even if…, still…\".", "exampleChinese": "纵然困难重重，我们也绝不言弃。", "exampleEnglish": "Even with difficulties piled high, we will never speak of giving up." }, { "level": 7, "point": "（因）……，故……", "pattern": "（因）……，故……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Literary cause-effect with 故 \"therefore\".", "exampleChinese": "因证据不足，故本案暂缓审理。", "exampleEnglish": "As evidence is insufficient, the case is therefore postponed." }, { "level": 7, "point": "……，以至（于）……", "pattern": "……，以至（于）……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Result reaching an extreme: \"to the point that\".", "exampleChinese": "他专心于实验，以至忘了吃饭。", "exampleEnglish": "He was so absorbed in the experiment that he forgot to eat." }, { "level": 7, "point": "别说……，都/也……", "pattern": "别说……，都/也……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Escalation: \"to say nothing of…, even…\".", "exampleChinese": "别说熬夜了，他连晚饭都顾不上吃。", "exampleEnglish": "Never mind staying up late - he cannot even manage dinner." }, { "level": 7, "point": "……不说，还……", "pattern": "……不说，还……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Piling on: \"not to mention…, on top of that…\".", "exampleChinese": "这款手机贵不说，还特别费电。", "exampleEnglish": "This phone is expensive, and on top of that it drains the battery." }, { "level": 7, "point": "（连……都……，）更不用说……了", "pattern": "连……都……，更不用说……了", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "\"Even X…, let alone Y\": a fortiori escalation.", "exampleChinese": "他连方言都能听懂，更不用说普通话了。", "exampleEnglish": "He understands even dialects, let alone Mandarin." }, { "level": 7, "point": "……尚且……，（更）何况……", "pattern": "……尚且……，（更）何况……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "\"Even… is the case, how much more so…\".", "exampleChinese": "专家尚且难下结论，何况外行呢？", "exampleEnglish": "Even experts struggle to conclude - how much more so laypeople?" }, { "level": 7, "point": "为（了）……起见，……", "pattern": "为……起见，……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Purpose formula: \"for the sake of…\".", "exampleChinese": "为安全起见，请系好安全带。", "exampleEnglish": "For safety’s sake, please fasten your seat belt." }, { "level": 7, "point": "……，以……", "pattern": "……，以+动词短语", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Formal purpose clause introduced by 以 \"so as to\".", "exampleChinese": "公司优化了流程，以提高生产效率。", "exampleEnglish": "The company streamlined its processes so as to raise efficiency." }, { "level": 7, "point": "非得……才……", "pattern": "非得……才……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Condensed necessity: \"only if… will…; it takes… before…\".", "exampleChinese": "这台设备非得专业人员才能维修。", "exampleEnglish": "Only a professional can repair this piece of equipment." }, { "level": 7, "point": "任……也……", "pattern": "任……也……", "categoryChinese": "句型", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence patterns", "explanation": "Condensed concession: \"no matter how…, still…\".", "exampleChinese": "任大家怎么劝，他也不肯松口。", "exampleEnglish": "No matter how everyone urged, he would not budge." } ] }