{ "name": "HSK 4 grammar syllabus", "source": "The official HSK 3.0 考试大纲, published November 2025.", "compiledBy": "Gushi — https://gushi-chinese.online/", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "attribution": "HSK 4 grammar syllabus by Gushi (https://gushi-chinese.online/hsk-3.0/grammar/4), CC BY-SA 4.0", "page": "https://gushi-chinese.online/hsk-3.0/grammar/4", "sources": { "lists": "The word, character and grammar lists: the official HSK 3.0 考试大纲, published November 2025. Facts out of a published document.", "meanings": "The English meanings: adapted from CC-CEDICT (https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=cc-cedict), CC BY-SA 4.0. This is why this data is share-alike.", "examples": "The example sentences: largely from the Tatoeba Project (https://tatoeba.org), CC BY 2.0 FR, plus sentences written for Gushi.", "compilation": "The selection, the pinyin, the tone numbers, the sense ordering and the checking: Gushi." }, "audioNote": "Free to play from gushi-chinese.online. NOT covered by this licence: the recordings are synthesised speech and are not ours to relicense as a corpus.", "updated": "2026-08-31", "kind": "grammar", "level": 4, "count": 67, "fields": { "level": "HSK 3.0 level, 1 to 9.", "point": "The grammar point as the syllabus names it.", "pattern": "The pattern the syllabus prints beside the point, where it prints one.", "categoryChinese": "The syllabus category, in Chinese.", "categoryEnglish": "The same category in English.", "explanation": "What the point does, in one sentence.", "exampleChinese": "Example sentence in simplified Chinese.", "exampleEnglish": "The example sentence in English." }, "data": [ { "level": 4, "point": "能愿动词“敢”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "敢 means “to dare to”.", "exampleChinese": "我不敢告诉妈妈这件事。", "exampleEnglish": "I dare not tell Mom about this." }, { "level": 4, "point": "指示代词“任何／各／此”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "任何 means “any”, usually reinforced with 都.", "exampleChinese": "任何人都可以参加。", "exampleEnglish": "Anyone can take part." }, { "level": 4, "point": "动量词“趟／场／顿”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "Verbal measure words like 趟 count trips or rounds of an action.", "exampleChinese": "我去了一趟银行。", "exampleEnglish": "I made a trip to the bank." }, { "level": 4, "point": "程度副词“十分”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "十分 means “very, fully” (a formal “extremely”).", "exampleChinese": "他对这次考试十分满意。", "exampleEnglish": "He is very satisfied with this exam." }, { "level": 4, "point": "范围副词“至少”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "至少 means “at least”.", "exampleChinese": "从这儿到机场至少要一个小时。", "exampleEnglish": "It takes at least an hour from here to the airport." }, { "level": 4, "point": "时间副词“从来”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "从来 with negation means “never (up to now)”.", "exampleChinese": "他从来不迟到。", "exampleEnglish": "He is never late." }, { "level": 4, "point": "频率副词“重新”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "重新 means “anew, all over again”.", "exampleChinese": "这篇文章我要重新写一遍。", "exampleEnglish": "I will rewrite this article from scratch." }, { "level": 4, "point": "方式副词“互相”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "互相 means “mutually, each other”.", "exampleChinese": "同学们应该互相帮助。", "exampleEnglish": "Classmates should help each other." }, { "level": 4, "point": "关联副词“却”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "却 marks an unexpected contrast: “yet, however”.", "exampleChinese": "他答应来，却没有来。", "exampleEnglish": "He promised to come, yet he did not." }, { "level": 4, "point": "情态副词“恐怕／也许”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "恐怕 means “I am afraid that…”, marking a worried guess.", "exampleChinese": "恐怕明天要下雨。", "exampleEnglish": "I am afraid it will rain tomorrow." }, { "level": 4, "point": "语气副词“竟然”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "竟然 marks surprise: “unexpectedly, to my surprise”.", "exampleChinese": "他竟然忘了自己的生日。", "exampleEnglish": "He actually forgot his own birthday." }, { "level": 4, "point": "介词“随着”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "随着 means “along with, as (something changes)”.", "exampleChinese": "随着时间过去，他习惯了这里的生活。", "exampleEnglish": "As time passed, he got used to life here." }, { "level": 4, "point": "介词“由”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "由 introduces the agent responsible: “to be done by…”.", "exampleChinese": "这件事由我来负责。", "exampleEnglish": "I will be responsible for this matter." }, { "level": 4, "point": "介词“对于”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "对于 introduces the object of an attitude or comment: “regarding”.", "exampleChinese": "对于这个问题，大家的看法不同。", "exampleEnglish": "Regarding this question, people have different views." }, { "level": 4, "point": "介词“按照／按”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "按照 means “according to, in line with”.", "exampleChinese": "请按照老师说的做。", "exampleEnglish": "Please do as the teacher says." }, { "level": 4, "point": "连词“并（且）”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "并且/并 joins verbs or clauses: “and, moreover”.", "exampleChinese": "我同意这个办法，并且愿意帮忙。", "exampleEnglish": "I agree with this plan and am willing to help." }, { "level": 4, "point": "助词“等”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "词类", "categoryEnglish": "Word classes", "explanation": "等 after a list means “and so on, etc.”.", "exampleChinese": "桌子上放着苹果、香蕉等水果。", "exampleEnglish": "On the table are apples, bananas and other fruit." }, { "level": 4, "point": "数词＋形容词＋量词", "pattern": "一大＋量词", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "An adjective can slot between number and measure word: 一大杯, 一大袋.", "exampleChinese": "他买了一大袋水果。", "exampleEnglish": "He bought a big bag of fruit." }, { "level": 4, "point": "四字格“一A一B／有A有B／无A无B”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "Four-character frames like 有说有笑 pack two parallel actions or qualities.", "exampleChinese": "孩子们有说有笑地走进教室。", "exampleEnglish": "The children walked into the classroom talking and laughing." }, { "level": 4, "point": "来得及／来不及", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "来得及/来不及 say whether there is still time to do something.", "exampleChinese": "再不出发就来不及了。", "exampleEnglish": "If we do not leave now, there will be no time." }, { "level": 4, "point": "有的是", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "有的是 means “to have plenty of”.", "exampleChinese": "别着急，我们有的是时间。", "exampleEnglish": "Do not worry; we have plenty of time." }, { "level": 4, "point": "说不定", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "说不定 means “perhaps, you never know”.", "exampleChinese": "你问问他，说不定他知道。", "exampleEnglish": "Ask him; he might just know." }, { "level": 4, "point": "就是说／这就是说", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "短语", "categoryEnglish": "Phrases", "explanation": "就是说 restates something: “that is to say”.", "exampleChinese": "他没回短信，就是说他可能很忙。", "exampleEnglish": "He did not reply, which means he is probably busy." }, { "level": 4, "point": "一＋量词＋比＋一＋量词", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "One-M-比-one-M shows steady change: 一天比一天 “day by day”.", "exampleChinese": "天气一天比一天热。", "exampleEnglish": "The weather is getting hotter day by day." }, { "level": 4, "point": "在……方面", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "在…方面 means “in the area of, as regards”.", "exampleChinese": "在学习方面，他从来不让人担心。", "exampleEnglish": "When it comes to studying, he never worries anyone." }, { "level": 4, "point": "够……的", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "够…的 emphasizes a high degree: “really quite…”.", "exampleChinese": "今天可真够热的。", "exampleEnglish": "It is really quite hot today." }, { "level": 4, "point": "拿……来说", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "拿…来说 means “take… for example”.", "exampleChinese": "拿我们班来说，一半人会游泳。", "exampleEnglish": "Take our class: half the people can swim." }, { "level": 4, "point": "再也不／没……", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "再也 + negation means “never again”.", "exampleChinese": "我再也不想看这部电影了。", "exampleEnglish": "I never want to watch this movie again." }, { "level": 4, "point": "怎么都／也＋不／没……", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "怎么都/也 + negation means “no matter how, just cannot”.", "exampleChinese": "这个门怎么都打不开。", "exampleEnglish": "This door just will not open no matter what." }, { "level": 4, "point": "为了……而……", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "为了 A 而 B: do B for the sake of A.", "exampleChinese": "他为了考上大学而努力学习。", "exampleEnglish": "He studies hard in order to get into university." }, { "level": 4, "point": "X是X（一X是一X／X是X，Y是Y）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "是-frames concede or separate: 能V一点是一点; A是A，B是B.", "exampleChinese": "时间不多了，能多学一点是一点。", "exampleEnglish": "Time is short; every bit more we learn counts." }, { "level": 4, "point": "X也得X，不X也得X／说什么也得X", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "也得-frames insist there is no way around doing something.", "exampleChinese": "这件事你去也得去，不去也得去。", "exampleEnglish": "You must go whether you want to or not." }, { "level": 4, "point": "（没）有什么（好）X的", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "没什么好X的 means “there is nothing worth X-ing about”.", "exampleChinese": "这件事没有什么好担心的。", "exampleEnglish": "There is nothing to worry about in this matter." }, { "level": 4, "point": "X就X（点儿）吧／X就是了", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "就-frames accept something or reassure: “fine, so be it / just do it”.", "exampleChinese": "贵就贵点儿吧，东西好就行。", "exampleEnglish": "If it is expensive, so be it, as long as it is good." }, { "level": 4, "point": "还X呢", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "还X呢 mocks a mismatch between a label and reality.", "exampleChinese": "还大学生呢，这个字都不认识。", "exampleEnglish": "Some university student you are; you do not even know this character." }, { "level": 4, "point": "你X你的（吧）", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "固定格式", "categoryEnglish": "Fixed expressions", "explanation": "你X你的 tells someone to carry on with their own business.", "exampleChinese": "你忙你的吧，我自己来。", "exampleEnglish": "You go on with your work; I will manage myself." }, { "level": 4, "point": "程度补语2", "pattern": "形容词／心理动词＋死了／得厉害", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "死了 after adjectives or feeling verbs means “to death, terribly”.", "exampleChinese": "走了一天，我累死了。", "exampleEnglish": "After walking all day, I am dead tired." }, { "level": 4, "point": "可能补语2", "pattern": "动词＋得／不＋了", "categoryChinese": "句子成分", "categoryEnglish": "Parts of the sentence", "explanation": "V得了/V不了 say whether an action is possible or manageable.", "exampleChinese": "这么多菜，我一个人吃不了。", "exampleEnglish": "So much food; I cannot eat it all by myself." }, { "level": 4, "point": "反问句2", "pattern": "难道……吗？", "categoryChinese": "句类", "categoryEnglish": "Sentence types", "explanation": "难道…吗 forms a rhetorical question expressing disbelief.", "exampleChinese": "难道你忘了吗？", "exampleEnglish": "Do not tell me you forgot?" }, { "level": 4, "point": "“把”字句2", "pattern": "主语＋把＋宾语＋动词＋了／一下／动量补语", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "Extended 把 patterns with 了, reduplication, or measure complements.", "exampleChinese": "你把这句话再读一遍。", "exampleEnglish": "Read this sentence once more." }, { "level": 4, "point": "被动句2", "pattern": "主语＋叫／让＋宾语＋动词＋其他成分", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "叫/让 mark colloquial passives like 被.", "exampleChinese": "蛋糕让弟弟吃完了。", "exampleEnglish": "The cake was finished off by my little brother." }, { "level": 4, "point": "兼语句2", "pattern": "主语＋使／让＋人＋动词短语", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "Pivotal sentences with 使/让 express causing someone to feel or do something.", "exampleChinese": "这个消息使大家很高兴。", "exampleEnglish": "This news made everyone very happy." }, { "level": 4, "point": "比较句3“A不如B”", "pattern": "A＋不如＋B（＋形容词）", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "不如 means “not as good as / not as … as”.", "exampleChinese": "我的汉语不如他好。", "exampleEnglish": "My Chinese is not as good as his." }, { "level": 4, "point": "跟……相比", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "跟…相比 sets up a comparison: “compared with…”.", "exampleChinese": "跟去年相比，今年冬天冷多了。", "exampleEnglish": "Compared with last year, this winter is much colder." }, { "level": 4, "point": "双重否定句", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "特殊句型", "categoryEnglish": "Special sentence patterns", "explanation": "Double negation emphasizes a strong affirmative.", "exampleChinese": "班里没有人不认识他。", "exampleEnglish": "There is no one in the class who does not know him." }, { "level": 4, "point": "并列复句“不是……，而是……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "不是A而是B corrects: “not A but B”.", "exampleChinese": "他不是不想去，而是没有时间。", "exampleEnglish": "It is not that he does not want to go, but that he has no time." }, { "level": 4, "point": "并列复句“既……，又／也……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "既A又B joins two coexisting qualities or actions.", "exampleChinese": "这个房间既干净又安静。", "exampleEnglish": "This room is both clean and quiet." }, { "level": 4, "point": "并列复句“一方面……，另一方面……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "一方面…另一方面… presents two sides of a matter.", "exampleChinese": "他一方面想去，另一方面又怕花钱。", "exampleEnglish": "On one hand he wants to go; on the other he fears spending money." }, { "level": 4, "point": "承接复句“首先……，其次／然后……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "首先…其次/然后… lists steps or points in order.", "exampleChinese": "首先要努力，其次要有好方法。", "exampleEnglish": "First you must work hard; second you need good methods." }, { "level": 4, "point": "承接复句“……，于是……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "于是 links a situation to what happened as a result: “and so”.", "exampleChinese": "外面下雨了，于是我们留在家里。", "exampleEnglish": "It started raining outside, so we stayed home." }, { "level": 4, "point": "递进复句“……，甚至……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "甚至 pushes to an extreme case: “even”.", "exampleChinese": "他忙得甚至忘了吃饭。", "exampleEnglish": "He was so busy he even forgot to eat." }, { "level": 4, "point": "递进复句“不仅／不光……，还／而且……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "不仅…还… means “not only… but also…”.", "exampleChinese": "她不仅会英语，还会汉语。", "exampleEnglish": "She knows not only English but also Chinese." }, { "level": 4, "point": "递进复句“连……也／都……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "连…也/都 highlights an extreme case: “even”.", "exampleChinese": "他忙得连饭都没吃。", "exampleEnglish": "He was so busy he did not even eat." }, { "level": 4, "point": "选择复句“不是……，就是……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "不是A就是B means “if not A, then B - always one of the two”.", "exampleChinese": "他周末不是打球，就是游泳。", "exampleEnglish": "On weekends he is either playing ball or swimming." }, { "level": 4, "point": "转折复句“尽管……，但是／可是……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "尽管 concedes a fact before the contrast: “even though”.", "exampleChinese": "尽管很难，但是他没有放弃。", "exampleEnglish": "Even though it was hard, he did not give up." }, { "level": 4, "point": "转折复句“……，然而……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "然而 is a formal “however”.", "exampleChinese": "他试了很多次，然而都失败了。", "exampleEnglish": "He tried many times; however, he failed every time." }, { "level": 4, "point": "转折复句“……，不过……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "不过 adds a mild reservation: “but, though”.", "exampleChinese": "这个手机不错，不过有点儿贵。", "exampleEnglish": "This phone is good, though a bit expensive." }, { "level": 4, "point": "假设复句“……，否则……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "否则 warns of the alternative: “otherwise”.", "exampleChinese": "快点儿走，否则要迟到了。", "exampleEnglish": "Hurry up, otherwise we will be late." }, { "level": 4, "point": "假设复句“要是……，就……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "要是…就… is a colloquial “if…, then…”.", "exampleChinese": "要是明天天气好，我们就去公园。", "exampleEnglish": "If the weather is good tomorrow, we will go to the park." }, { "level": 4, "point": "条件复句“不管／无论……，都／也……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "不管/无论…都… means “no matter…, still…”.", "exampleChinese": "不管天气怎么样，我们都去。", "exampleEnglish": "No matter what the weather is like, we will go." }, { "level": 4, "point": "因果复句“既然……，就……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "既然…就… draws a conclusion from a given fact: “since…”.", "exampleChinese": "既然你不舒服，就在家休息吧。", "exampleEnglish": "Since you are not feeling well, rest at home." }, { "level": 4, "point": "因果复句“（由于）……，因此……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "因此 states the consequence: “therefore”.", "exampleChinese": "他平时很努力，因此成绩很好。", "exampleEnglish": "He usually works hard; therefore his grades are good." }, { "level": 4, "point": "目的复句“……，好……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "好 introduces the intended purpose: “so that…”.", "exampleChinese": "请把地址写清楚，好让司机找到你。", "exampleEnglish": "Write the address clearly so the driver can find you." }, { "level": 4, "point": "让步复句“即使／就是……，也……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "即使/就是…也… concedes a hypothetical: “even if…”.", "exampleChinese": "即使下雨，我们也要去。", "exampleEnglish": "Even if it rains, we will still go." }, { "level": 4, "point": "紧缩复句“不……也……”", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "复句", "categoryEnglish": "Multi-clause sentences", "explanation": "Compressed “even without A, B still holds”.", "exampleChinese": "你不说我也知道。", "exampleEnglish": "Even if you do not say it, I still know." }, { "level": 4, "point": "概数表示法3", "pattern": "数词＋来＋量词／大约／左右／前后", "categoryChinese": "特殊表达法", "categoryEnglish": "Special ways of saying things", "explanation": "左右 after an amount, or 数+来+量, expresses “approximately”.", "exampleChinese": "现在是下午五点左右。", "exampleEnglish": "It is around five in the afternoon now." }, { "level": 4, "point": "倍数、分数、百分数的表示法", "pattern": "", "categoryChinese": "特殊表达法", "categoryEnglish": "Special ways of saying things", "explanation": "倍 expresses multiples: A是B的两倍, 多了一倍.", "exampleChinese": "今年的学生是去年的两倍。", "exampleEnglish": "This year's students are double last year's." } ] }